Table 2.

Final block of hierarchical regressions for outcomes hopelessness and optimism

Outcome	Predictor	b	BCa 95% CI
Hopelessness	Child age	.28	[−.21, .82]
	Child gender	−.62	[−2.08, .64]
	Parent education
	High school or less	−.93	[−3.37, 1.22]
	Some college or vocational school	−1.34	[−2.86, .09]
	College or further	−1.12	[−3.24, 1.18]
	Parent minority status	−.45	[−1.80, 1.07]
	Positive parenting
	Observed attends & rewards per min.	.47	[−.50, 1.38]
	Parent report	.04	[−.06, .13]
	Negative parenting
	Observed questions & instructions per min.	.01	[−.33, .36]
	Parent report	.003	[−.12, .13]
	Child behavior
	Number of problems	−.11	[−.25, .03]
	Intensity of problems	.003	[−.02, .03]
	Daily Stressors
	Hardship	.39	[−1.01, 2.13]
	Relationships/responsibilities	5.66	[2.36, 9.19]
Optimism	Child age	−.06	[−1.04, .92]
	Child gender	.98	[−1.18, 3.19]
	Parent education
	High school or less	−1.42	[−5.91, 3.59]
	Some college or vocational school	.34	[−2.71, 3.21]
	College or further	1.94	[−.94, 4.51]
	Parent minority status	2.15	[−.29, 4.30]
	Positive parenting
	Observed attends & rewards per min.	−.40	[−1.74, 1.09]
	Parent report	−.12	[−.35, .08]
	Negative parenting
	Observed questions & instructions per min.	−.05	[−.76, .69]
	Parent report	−.05	[−.36, .23]
	Child behavior
	Number of problems	.20	[−.18, .55]
	Intensity of problems	−.001	[−.07, .06]
	Daily Stressors
	Hardship	.28	[−2.40, 2.91]
	Relationships/responsibilities	−7.62	[−13.10, −2.55]

NOTE: bs are unstandardized; BCa = bias-corrected and accelerated; bolded text indicates p < .01