TABLE 4.
Risk factors for overall mortality, by univariate and multivariate analysisa
| Risk factor | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 0.78 (0.48–1.30) | 0.346 | ||
| Age ≥70 yr | 2.23 (1.20–4.15) | 0.010 | 2.36 (1.19–4.68) | 0.014 |
| Acute leukemia | 0.65 (0.38–1.13) | 0.125 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 0.94 (0.52–1.72) | 0.847 | ||
| Multiple myeloma | 0.90 (0.37–2.19) | 0.811 | ||
| Chronic leukemia | 8.78 (1.10–69.63) | 0.014 | 5.02 (0.60–42.22) | 0.138 |
| Solid neoplasia | 0.96 (0.57–1.64) | 0.906 | ||
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 1.29 (0.67–2.48) | 0.446 | ||
| Any comorbidity | 1.04 (0.62–1.75) | 0.870 | ||
| Corticosteroid therapy | 1.16 (0.71–1.89) | 0.560 | ||
| Nosocomial acquisition | 1.41 (0.86–2.31) | 0.177 | ||
| Pulmonary source | 2.06 (1.06–4.01) | 0.032 | 1.35 (0.58–3.18) | 0.486 |
| Endogenous/unknown source | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) | 0.043 | 0.69 (0.39–1.23) | 0.211 |
| Catheter-related BSI | 0.81 (0.35–1.87) | 0.615 | ||
| Acute kidney injury | 2.48 (1.41–4.37) | 0.001 | 2.60 (1.39–4.90) | 0.003 |
| Empirical β-lactam | 0.26 (0.73–0.94) | 0.037 | 0.41 (0.08–2.16) | 0.294 |
| Empirical carbapenem | 0.94 (0.58–1.55) | 0.819 | ||
| Empirical β-lactam plus aminoglycoside | 0.30 (0.18–0.50) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.18–0.57) | <0.001 |
| Empirical β-lactam plus specific Gram-positive coverage | 0.69 (0.41–1.17) | 0.169 | ||
| Amikacin as the only active antibiotic | 7.84 (0.98–62.83) | 0.025 | 15.24 (1.73–134.45) | 0.014 |
| β-Lactam as the only active antibiotic | 1.81 (1.01–3.26) | 0.046 | 1.66 (0.72–3.82) | 0.236 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 0.34 (0.09–1.34) | 0.193 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2.10 (0.40–11.01) | 0.462 | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | 1.19 (0.44–3.23) | 0.734 | ||
| Streptococcus spp. | 1.08 (0.45–2.55) | 0.867 | ||
| E. coli | 0.97 (0.58–1.62) | 0.901 | ||
| Klebsiella spp. | 0.80 (0.39–1.64) | 0.541 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1.32 (0.76–2.29) | 0.329 | ||
| MDR P. aeruginosa | 3.19 (0.87–11.71) | 0.096 | ||
| MDR-GNB | 1.57 (0.77–3.18) | 0.208 | ||
| Candidemia | 4.82 (1.05–22.22) | 0.042 | 2.18 (0.34–13.94) | 0.411 |
| Polymicrobial | 1.86 (0.86–3.99) | 0.108 | ||
| Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for GNB or Candida spp. | 5.74 (2.14–15.38) | <0.001 | 3.81 (1.31–11.11) | 0.014 |
a
Abbreviations: ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; MDR, multidrug resistant; GNB, Gram-negative bacilli. Boldface indicates statistically significant values (P value < 0.05).