. 2022 Feb 15;17(2):e0263438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263438

Table 3. Multivariable analysis of the predictors of psychological outcomes among hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Predictors	K10	K10	K10	IES-R
	Psychological Distress	Depressive Symptoms	Anxiety Symptoms	Post-traumatic stress
	Coefficient	Coefficient	Coefficient	Coefficient
	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Age [reference group: > 50 years of age]
< = 30 years	2.93	1.13	1.59	-
< = 30 years	(1.36 to 4.51)	(0.15 to 2.11)	(0.94 to 2.25)	-
31–40 years	2.38	1.25	1.02	-
31–40 years	(0.86 to 3.89)	(0.30 to 2.20)	(0.39 to 1.65)	-
41–50 years	2.66	1.33	1.24	-
41–50 years	(1.08 to 4.25)	(0.33 to 2.32)	(0.58 to 1.90)	-
Female gender	2.86	1.57	1.27	8.61
Female gender	(1.14 to 4.58)	(0.48 to 2.66)	(0.55 to 2.00)	(5.00 to 12.26)
High risk health status ^a	1.45	-	0.89	3.94
High risk health status ^a	(0.11 to 2.80)	-	(0.33 to 1.45)	(1.12 to 6.76)
Not married or common-law relationship	-	-	-	-
Living with a child or children	-	-	-	-
Personally know someone who had COVID-19	1.40	0.99	0.43	-
Personally know someone who had COVID-19	(0.26 to 2.53)	(0.27 to 1.70)	(-0.04 to 0.91)	-
Non-teaching hospital	-	-	-0.41	-
[vs. teaching]	-	-	(-0.87 to 0.06)	-
Nursing profession	-	-	-	-
[vs. other]	-	-	-	-
Frontline worker ^b	-	-	-	-
Years of healthcare experience [reference group: > 20 years of healthcare experience]
< = 5 years	-	-	-	-
6–10 years	-	-	-	-
11–20 years	-	-	-	-
Feeling at increased risk due to PPE shortage or inadequate PPE training	3.76	2.26	1.42	9.14
	(2.63 to 4.90)	(1.55 to 2.98)	(0.95 to 1.89)	(6.81 to 11.47)

CI: confidence interval; PPE: Personal protective equipment

Dash (-) indicates no statistically significant association found.

^a Reported having a health condition or taking medications that places them at higher risk of poor outcomes if they were to contract COVID-19.

^b Reported caring for suspected and/ or confirmed COVID-19 patients.