Table 1.
Sensitivity analysis using different methods to estimate the association between Covid-19 and preeclampsia.
| Model/method | Odds ratio (95% CI) | I2 (95% CI) | Tau2 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Covid-19 vs. without Covid-19 | |||
| Frequentist | |||
| DL | 1.33 (1.03 to 1.73) | 30.9% (0.0 to 64.3) | 0.05 |
| DL-pred | 1.33 (0.75 to 2.38) | ||
| Perm | 1.33 (0.95 to 1.66) | 30.9% | 0.05 |
| Boot | 1.34 (1.02 to 1.78) | 31.0% (0.0 to 64.5) | 0.06 |
| REML | 1.36 (1.00 to 1.85) | 30.9% (0.0 to 64.3) | 0.09 (0.00 to 0.93) |
| MP | 1.35 (1.01 to 1.80) | 30.9% (0.0 to 64.3) | 0.07 (0.00 to 0.87) |
| SJ | 1.44 (0.94 to 2.20) | 30.9% (0.0 to 64.3) | 0.28 (0.00 to 0.87) |
| RO | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.81) | 30.9% | 0.05 |
| HKSJ | 1.33 (0.98 to 1.81) | 30.9% | 0.05 |
| KR (oim) | 1.36 (0.75 to 2.45) | 44.5% (0.0 to 85.5) | 0.09 (0.00 to 0.67) |
| KR (eim) | 1.36 (0.81 to 2.29) | 44.5% (0.0 to 85.5) | 0.09 (0.00 to 0.67) |
| PL-B | 1.33 (0.84 to 2.54) | 0.0% (0.0 to 75.9) | 0.0 (0.00 to 0.36) |
| PL-S | 1.33 (0.86 to 2.52) | 0.0% (0.0 to 75.9) | 0.0 (0.00 to 0.36) |
| HC | 1.33 (0.45 to 3.90) | 30.9% (0.0 to 64.3) | 0.05 |
| IVHet | 1.33 (0.98 to 1.99) | 30.9% | 0.05 |
| Sens (60) | 1.40 (0.97 to 2.02) | 60% 2(6.47 to 78.24) | 0.17 |
| Sens (75) | 1.46 (0.92 to 2.30) | 75% (75 to 85.5) | 0.34 |
| Bayesian | |||
| BNHM (WIP) | 1.40 (1.02 to 2.25) | ||
| BB (half normal) | 1.62 (0.88 to 3.00) | ||
| BB (uniform) | 1.60 (0.89 to 2.94) | ||
| BB (half Cauchy) | 1.60 (0.88 to 2.97) | ||
| BNHM (Vag) | 1.40 (1.02 to 2.18) | ||
| BN (t) | 1.47 (1.00 to 2.50) | ||
| Patients with severe vs mild Covid-19 | |||
| Frequentist | |||
| DL | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.15) | ||
| DL-pred | 4.16 (0.84 to 20.61) | ||
| Perm | Not computed: number of studies is below 6 | ||
| Boot | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.16) | 0.08% (0.0 to 79.2) | 0.001 |
| REML | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.15) | 0% (0.0 to 77.2) | 0 (0 to 4.65) |
| MP | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.15) | 0% (0.0 to 74)* | 0 (0 to 3.90) |
| SJ | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.15) | 0% | 0 |
| RO | 4.16 (1.11 to 15.59) | 0% | 0 |
| HKSJ | 4.16 (1.03 to 16.80) | 0% | 0 |
| KR (oim) | 4.16 (0.69 to 25.0) | 0% (0.0 to 77.2) | 0 (0 to 4.65) |
| KR (eim) | 4.16 (0.08 to 226.82) | 0% (0.0 to 77.2) | 0 (0 to 4.65) |
| PL-B | 4.16 | 0% (0.0 to 66.9) | 0 (0 to 2.78) |
| PL-S | 4.16 (1.23 to 27.24) | 0% (0.0 to 66.9) | 0 (0 to 2.78) |
| HC | 4.16 (1.66 to 10.40) | 0% | 0 |
| IVHet | 4.16 (1.55 to 11.15) | ||
| Sens(60) | 5.30 (1.01 to 27.80) | 60% (0.00 to 85.04) | 2.06 |
| Sens(75) | 5.60 (0.692 to 45.38) | 75% (38.36 to 89.86) | 4.12 |
| Bayesian | |||
| BNHM (WIP) | 4.48 (1.51 to 13.46) | ||
| BB (half normal) | 3.38 (0.92 to 13.06) | ||
| BB (uniform) | 3.29 (0.91 to 12.55) | ||
| BB (half Cauchy) | 3.38 (0.91 to 13.46) | ||
| BNHM (Vag) | 4.71 (1.55 to 14.44) | ||
| BN(t) | 8.10 (0.65 to 29.04) |
CI: confidence interval (frequentist) or credible (Bayesian); I2: Higgin's I2; Tau2: between-study variance; Boot: Bootstrapped DL; DL: DerSimoniam-Laird); DL-pred: prediction interval with DL; HKSJ: Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman; HC: Henmi and Copas; IVHet: Inverse-variance heterogeneity; KR: Kenward-Roger; MP: Mandel-Paule; Perm: permutation; PL: Partial Likelihood (-B: with Bartlett's correction; -S: with Skovgaard's correction); REML: Restricted Maximum Likelihood; RO: DL with SJ robust variance estimator; SJ: Sidik-Jonkman; Sens: sensitivity analysis (percentage of I2); BB: Beta-Binomial; BNHM: Binomial-Normal Hierarchical Model; Vag: Vague prior; BN(t): Binomial Normal (t distribution); WIP: Weakly Informative Prior.