Table 3.

Agonist and Cell Types Producing SPM in vitro.

Agonist	Cell Type	Incubation	SPM	Reference
ASA (500 μg/air pouch)	TNF-α induced exudate (6 h)	2.3 × 106 leukocytes/ pouch FVB mice	18R HEPE	[21]
EPA (500 μg/ air pouch)	Air pouch leukocyte		Resolvin E1
IL-1β-treated	HUVEC	IL-1β (24 h) and ASA	18R HEPE	[21]
Human HUVEC
Serum-treated zymosan 100 ng/ mL	Human PMN	PMN 30 × 106, 30 min	Resolvin E1	[21]
ASA recombinant COX-2 EPA products		STZ (100 ng/mL)	Lipoxin A5
FMLP 10−7 M	GM-CSF Human PMN	PMN 30 × 106	Lipoxin A4	[205]
		200 pM rhGMCSF	Lipoxin B4
		90 minutes
A23187 (20 min)	Trout Macrophages	10 × 106 cells, A23187	Lipoxin A4	[206]
		20 min, 18 °C	Lipoxin A5
TNF-α (50 ng/mL) 24 h	Human Microglia	ASA, 30 min	17R-HDHA	[8]
Hypoxia	HUVEC	ASA, TNF-α, IL-1β + Hypoxia	17R-HDHA	[8]
		DHA (20 μg/ 1 × 106)
ASA	Inflammatory exudates	6 h, FVB mice	17R-Resolvin D5	[8]
	Mouse ASA		17R-Resolvin D3
Zymosan	Human PMN	PMN (50 × 106 cells/ ml)	D series Resolvins	[8]
		Zymosan 100 ng/mL
		17R HDHA (5μg/mL)
IL-1β or	Retinal ARPE-19 cells	IL-1β (6 h)	NPD1	[166]
A23187
TLR-7 Agonist (R-848)	Human monocytes	10 × 106 cells +	Resolvin D5	[207]
		R-848 (100 μM)	Protectin D1
		1 h, 37 °C
	Apoptotic PMN	10 × 106 cells	E series Resolvins	[17]
			D series Resolvins
Mouse apoptotic PMN	M0 Macrophages	Time course 120 min efferocytosis	Lipoxin A4, Resolvin E1	[80]
			Protectin D1
ASA + EPA	Human M0 Macrophages	EPA (20μM) for 45 min	Resolvin E1	[80]
E. coli	M2 human Macrophages	5 × 106 M2 Macrophages	Resolvin D5	[18]
		90 min, 37 °C
sPLA2 Type V	Microparticle	Zymosan peritonitis (1 mg) exudates 48 h	17-HDHA	[191]
			14-HDHA
E. coli (105 CFU)	Infectious Leukocytes	In vivo collected exudate 24 h	Resolvin D3	[138]
	Exudate
18-HEPE (5μg)	Human PMN	Hypoxia PMN plus	Resolvin E1	[78]
		Zymosan (100 μg/mL)	Resolvin E2
LPS/ FMLP	GM-CSF Human Macrophages	LPS (1μg/mL) 20 min	Lipoxin A4	[208]
		+ FMLP (1μM) 10 min	17-HDHA
		37 °C
Zymosan peritonitis (1 mg)	Eosinophils	In vivo collected exudate 24 h	Lipoxin A4	[209]
			Protectin D1
HMGB1+ C1q	Human Monocytes	HMGB1 (1μg/mL)	Lipoxin A4	[20]
		C1q (25 μg/mL)	Resolvin D1
		6 h	Resolvin D2
HMGB1 alone	Human Monocytes	HMGB1 (1μg/mL)	Leukotriene B4	[20]
Carbon monoxide (CO) + zymosan in vivo in mice	Mouse Peritoneal Exudates	250 ppm CO	Resolvin E2	[210]
	0.1 mg/ zymosan		Resolvin D1
			Resolvin D2
			Maresin 1
Zymosan peritonitis (1 mg)	Human MCSF Macrophages	Endogenous Maresin 1	Maresin 1	[15,175]
		Stereochemistry
Physiologic Hypoxia (1 % oxygen)	Human M2 Macrophages	24 h hypoxia chamber	RvE4	[85]
			D-Series Resolvins
EPA (1 g)	Human plasma collected (3 h)		18-HEPE	[77]