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. 2022 Feb 2;12:798119. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798119

TABLE 4.

Effects of N rate and time on characteristics parameters of the three grain-filling phases of maize grains.

Year N T Gradual increase period
 Rapid increase period
 Slight increase period
T1 W1 G1 T2 W2 G2 T3 W3 G3
2019 N0 27.13a 4.43c 0.1632c 19.51a 12.10c 0.6201d 24.28a 4.22c 0.1737d
N1 T1 24.89b 5.34b 0.2147b 20.26a 14.60b 0.7205c 25.22a 5.09b 0.2019c
T2 25.76b 5.37b 0.2083b 19.95a 14.66b 0.7347bc 24.83a 5.11b 0.2058bc
N2 T1 23.49c 6.16a 0.2621a 20.26a 16.82a 0.8301a 25.22a 5.86a 0.2326a
T2 23.08c 5.98a 0.2589a 20.42a 16.33a 0.7999ab 25.41a 5.69a 0.2241ab
N3 T1 22.61c 6.12a 0.2706a 21.95a 16.72a 0.7616bc 27.32a 5.83a 0.2134bc
T2 22.94c 6.19a 0.2699a 21.24a 16.91a 0.7962ab 26.44a 5.90a 0.2231ab
N ** ** ** ns ** ** ns ** **
T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
N*T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
2020 N0 - 24.33a 4.33c 0.1778d 20.53b 11.82c 0.5767c 25.55b 4.12c 0.1616c
N1 T2 23.75ab 5.45b 0.2293c 22.90ab 14.89b 0.6527b 28.49ab 5.19b 0.1829b
T1 23.02ab 5.42b 0.2355c 23.55ab 14.82b 0.6321b 29.31ab 5.17b 0.1771b
N2 T2 22.23ab 6.03ab 0.2716b 23.45ab 16.48ab 0.7027a 29.18ab 5.75ab 0.1969a
T1 22.67ab 6.24a 0.2751b 23.27ab 17.04a 0.7324a 28.96ab 5.94a 0.2052a
N3 T2 22.44ab 6.56a 0.2914a 25.00a 17.91a 0.7173a 31.11a 6.25a 0.2010a
T1 21.41b 6.06ab 0.2830ab 23.47ab 16.55ab 0.7064a 29.21ab 5.77ab 0.1979a
N * ** ** * ** ** * ** **
T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
N*T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

T1, grain-filling duration of gradual increase period; W1, increased grain weight of gradual increase period; G1, mean grain-filling rate of gradual increase period; T2, grain-filling duration of rapid increase period; W2, increased grain weight of rapid increase period; G2, mean grain-filling rate of rapid increase period; T3, grain-filling duration of slight increase period; W3, increased grain weight of slight increase period; G3, mean grain-filling rate of slight increase period.

**Significant differences at p < 0.01; *significant differences at p < 0.05; ns indicates non-significant difference. Different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05.