Fig. 6.

Exosomes enhance melanoma cell invasion in 3D. a 3D mixed spheroids formed of G-361 melanoma cells with fibroblasts (mCAFs and HDFs, respectively) were embedded in 3D collagen gel with or without exosomes and imaged at time points 0 h (green mask) and 144 h (orange mask with outline). b Box and whisker graphs show the mean invasion of G-361 cells at time point 144 h. c Electron microscopy of collagen gel with embedded exosomes (black arrow) and collagen fibril (white arrowhead). The bar in (a) indicates 1 mm and in (c) 100 nm. The p values in (b) indicate statistical significance calculated by non-parametric Tukey’s honest significance test (p value ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant)