Table 4.
Association of Telehealth use During COVID-19 with Predisposing, Nontechnology and Technology-Enabling Factors, and Need Factors: Logistic Regression Results.
| Telehealth Use Versus Nonuse | ||
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 AOR (95% CI) | Model 2 AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age group: versus 70–74 years | ||
| 75–79 | 0.94 (0.68–1.35) | 1.02 (0.73–1.44) |
| 80–84 | 0.62 (0.43–0.89)* | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) |
| 85+ | 0.58 (0.42–0.80)** | 0.75 (0.54–1.03) |
| Male versus female | 1.05 (0.80–1.38) | 0.97 (0.72–1.29) |
| Race: Versus non-Hispanic White | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.12 (0.79–1.58) | 1.28 (0.92–1.80) |
| Hispanic | 1.44 (0.77–2.70) | 1.99 (1.08–3.65)* |
| Other | 1.49 (0.86–2.55) | 1.59 (0.89–2.82) |
| Residence in residential care facility versus in community | 1.30 (0.83–2.03) | 1.66 (1.02–2.69)* |
| Marital status: Versus married/partnered | ||
| Divorced/separated | 0.90 (0.60–1.36) | 0.97 (0.66–1.42) |
| Widowed | 0.79 (0.55–1.12) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) |
| Never married | 1.00 (0.49–2.02) | 1.04 (0.50–2.18) |
| Proxy response status: versus no proxy/self and proxy | ||
| Proxy | 0.96 (0.63–1.47) | 1.41 (0.85–2.32) |
| Missing | 0.50 (0.20–1.26) | 0.56 (0.22–1.44) |
| Moved in with someone or someone moved in versus no moving | 1.53 (1.17–2.00)** | 1.36 (1.04–1.76)* |
| Income: versus up to $29,999 | ||
| $30,000–$42,999 | 1.39 (0.93–2.08) | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) |
| $43,000–$65,999 | 1.69 (1.13–2.53)* | 1.17 (0.80–1.73) |
| $66,000–$99,999 | 2.01 (1.36–2.97)** | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) |
| $100,000+ | 2.47 (1.68–3.63)*** | 1.41 (0.95–2.10) |
| Diagnosis of dementia versus no diagnosis | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | 0.81 (0.48–1.39) |
| No. of chronic medical conditions | 1.16 (1.08–1.25)** | 1.17 (1.08–1.26)*** |
| No. of ADLs received help | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) |
| No. of IADLs received help | 1.21 (1.10–1.34)*** | 1.25 (1.13–1.38)*** |
| Anxiety and/or depressive symptoms: Versus non/minimal | ||
| Moderate | 1.39 (1.07–1.82)* | 1.33 (1.02–1.74)* |
| Severe | 1.15 (0.63–2.10) | 1.08 (0.61–1.91) |
| Not ascertained | ||
| Self, household member, facility resident/staff had COVID-19 versus no COVID-19 | 1.24 (0.79–1.94) | 1.19 (0.73–1.94) |
| Had cell phone versus no cell phone | 1.15 (0.62–2.14) | |
| Had computer versus no computer | 1.58 (1.11–2.25)* | |
| Had tablet versus no tablet | 1.50 (1.09–2.06)* | |
| Online use versus no use | 1.89 (1.35–2.64)*** | |
| Learned new technology/program to go online during COVID-19 | 1.73 (1.32–2.28)*** | |
| Model statistics | N = 3257; design df = 56; F (26, 31) = 5.89; p < .001 | N = 3257; design df = 56; F (31,26) = 10.37; p < .001 |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratios; CI = confidence intervals; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.