Appendix-Table 2.

Racial Differences in Alternative Outcomes among HCBS users 2010–2013: Results from Multivariate Regression Analysis, Adjusting for Individual Characteristics and County Fixed Effects

	Model 1 Coefficient (Robust Standard Error)	Model 2 Coefficient (Robust Standard Error)	Model 3 Coefficient (Robust Standard Error)
Outcome variable	NH Placement from Community	NH Placement Became Long-stayer	High Impairment at NH Admission
Race (Ref: White)
Black	−0.00611** (0.00307)	−0.0594*** (0.00657)	0.0409*** (0.00255)
Average Monthly Spending on HCBS Centered ($100)	−0.00371*** (0.000820)	−0.00401*** (0.000685)	−0.000968 (0.00110)
Black # Average Monthly Spending on HCBS Centered ($100)	0.00236*** (0.000300)	0.00600*** (0.00103)	−0.00189*** (0.000325)
Observations	1046200	1046200	687002
No. of counties	1277	1277	1277

Linear Probability Model with county fixed effect and excluded counties with less than 100 HCBS users.

‘NH placement from community’ was defined as those who were admitted to a NH and without any inpatient discharge within 30 days. ‘NH placement became long-stayer’ was defined as those NH residents with at least 100 NH stay days.

‘High-impairment at NH admission’ was defined as CFS≥3 or ADL≥17 at NH admission assessments.

Model 3 was conducted among new HCBS users with any NH admissions within one year of HCBS use.

Multivariate regression also includes other covariates in the main analysis - residents’ demographic characteristics, for example, gender, age; residents’ health conditions, for example, ADRD diagnosis years when the first HCBS use, any hospital or NH admission before HCBS use, death within one year; and residents’ chronic conditions before HCBS use, for example, acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, etc.. Besides, year and county fixed effects were included.

^*p < 0.10,

^**p < 0.05,

^***p < 0.01