Appendix-Table 3.

Racial Differences in NH Placement among HCBS users 2010–2013 Stratified by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI): Results from Multivariate Regression Analysis, Adjusting for Individual Characteristics and County Fixed Effects

	Top 15% Disadvantaged Coefficient (Robust Standard Error)	85% less Disadvantaged Coefficient (Robust Standard Error)
Race (Ref: White)
Black	−0.0628*** (0.00724)	−0.0439*** (0.00681)
Average Monthly Spending on HCBS Centered ($100)	−0.00335*** (0.00114)	−0.00338*** (0.000840)
Black # Average Monthly Spending on HCBS Centered ($100)	0.00602*** (0.000887)	0.00564*** (0.00107)
Observations	270138	776062
No. of counties	1276	1277

Linear Probability Model with county fixed effect and excluded counties with less than 100 HCBS users.

Multivariate regression also includes other covariates in the main analysis - residents’ demographic characteristics, for example, gender, age; residents’ health conditions, for example, ADRD diagnosis years when the first HCBS use, any hospital or NH admission before HCBS use, death within one year; and residents’ chronic conditions before HCBS use, for example, acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, etc.. Besides, year and county fixed effects were included.

We used the 2015 9-digit zip code Area Deprivation Index (ADI).

^*p < 0.10,

^**p < 0.05,

^***p < 0.01