Table 2.

Estimates of direct, indirect, and total effects of the association^* between race/ethnicity and uncontrolled hypertension and the percent mediated by neighborhood socioeconomic status among patients in two healthcare systems in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (n = 47,031).

	Direct effect† Race/Ethnicity → Uncontrolled HTN OR (95% CI)	Natural indirect effect‡ Race/Ethnicity → nSES → Uncontrolled HTN OR (95% CI)	Total effect§ OR (95% CI)	% mediated||
Primary Analysis
Black	1.73 (1.61, 1.86)	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	1.79 (1.67, 1.91)	6.57%
Hispanic/Latino	1.35 (1.26 1.44)	1.02 (1.00, 1.14)	1.38 (1.29, 1.48)	7.22%
Asian	0.93 (0.88, 0.98)	1.02 (1.00, 1.03)	0.95 (0.89, 0.99)	-
White	Ref	Ref	Ref	-
Sensitivity Analysis
Black	1.80 (1.67, 1.94)	1.08 (1.04, 1.11)	1.94 (1.80, 2.08)	11.04%
Hispanic/Latino	1.44 (1.36, 1.52)	1.05 (1.03, 1.08)	1.52 (1.44, 1.60)	12.53%
Asian	0.97 (0.92, 1.02)	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)	-
White	Ref	Ref	Ref	-

Bolded values denote a p-value ≤ 0.05

Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; nSES, neighborhood socioeconomic status; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

^*Primary analysis is adjusted for age, sex assigned at birth, and healthcare system; sensitivity analysis is adjusted for age and sex assigned at birth.

^†Natural direct effect is the odds of uncontrolled hypertension independent of neighborhood socioeconomic status for one racial/ethnic group compared to the reference group (White patients).

^‡Natural indirect effect is the odds of uncontrolled hypertension that is transmitted through neighborhood socioeconomic status for one racial/ethnic group compared to the reference group (White patients).

^§Total effect is the sum of the direct and indirect effects.

^||The percent mediated is the proportion of the total effect that can be attributed to the natural indirect effects