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. 2022 Feb 15;13:873. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28410-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Kaplan–Meier survival curve and at-risk table obtained from clinical trial publication. Individual participant data (IPD) were imputed from digitized survival curves and at-risk tables as previously described (see “Methods”). b Each set of parameters corresponds to a different probability density function (PDF) and survival function (which corresponds to 1 minus the cumulative density function (CDF)). The likelihood of observing actual data is then computed. c Likelihood calculation is repeated for a set of possible parameter values. d The most likely (best) fit is obtained by finding the parameter values with the maximum likelihood.