Fig. 1. BCG-disA-OE elicits greater pro-inflammatory cytokine responses than BCG-WT in primary human and murine macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro.

a Schematic diagram. b IRF3 induction measured in RAW-Lucia ISG reporter macrophages. c IFN-β levels in murine BMDM from wild-type and STING^−/− mice. d IFN-β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels from primary human and murine macrophages and dendritic cells and the J774.1 murine macrophage cell line. e mRNA levels for Th1 cytokines and chemokines in murine BMDM relative to β-actin. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA after 24 h exposures at a MOI of 20:1. Transcript levels were measured at 6 h after infection. Data are presented as mean values ± S.E.M. (n = 3 biological replicate experiments). Statistical analyses done using two-tailed Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Data shown are for BCG-Tice; similar findings were observed for BCG-Pasteur as shown in Fig. S2.