TABLE 4.

Therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus.

Flora species	Study type	Dosage and duration of treatment (Colony-forming units, CFU)	Result	Mechanism	References
Lactobacillus plantarum 90sk and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150	Pre-clinical	Respective 1 × 108 CFU,1 × 107 CFU, 2 weeks	Reduces depression-like behavior	GABA↑	Yunes et al., 2020
Lactobacillus casei Shirota	Clinical	3 × 109 CFU over 8 weeks	Reduces depression-like and anxiety-like behavior	Unclear	Adikari et al., 2020
Lactobacillus helveticus NS8	Pre-clinical	1 × 109 CFU/ml, According to daily amount of water consumed. 4 weeks	Reduces anxiety-like behavior	Serotonin ↑	Luo et al., 2014
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1	Pre-clinical	1 × 109 CFU 4 weeks	Reduces depression-like and anxiety-like behavior	Synthesis and regulation of GABA	Bravo et al., 2011
Lactobacillus plantarum DR7	Clinical	0.5 × 109 CFU 12 weeks	Improved cognitive function, Reduces anxiety-like behavior	Serotonin ↑	Chong et al., 2019
Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v	Clinical	20 × 109CFU 8 weeks	improved cognitive performance and decreased KYN concentration	Kynurenine pathway	Rudzki et al., 2019
Lactobacillus plantarum c29	Clinical	1 × 109CFU/ml, 12 weeks	Improved cognitive function	BDNF↑	Hwang et al., 2019