Table 1.
Percent of Lifetime Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination by Racial/Ethnic Identity (non-exclusive groups)
| Sample Size ( n = ) | AI/AN 58 |
Asian 240 |
Black/African American 384 |
Hispanic/Latinx 562 |
NH/PI 23 |
ME/NA 32 |
Other 155 |
White 1,511 |
Total Sample 2,223 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *How often have you been treated unfairly by … | |||||||||
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| Teachers and professors | 63.8% | 56.5% | 61.7% | 49.8% | 34.8% | 46.9% | 57.8% | 26.9% | 37.5% |
| Employers, bosses, and supervisors | 37.5% | 29.1% | 43.3% | 31.2% | 18.2% | 25.0% | 39.2% | 16.3% | 23.4% |
| Co-workers, fellow students and colleagues | 56.1% | 57.4% | 57.8% | 46.3% | 38.1% | 53.1% | 55.3% | 26.7% | 36.6% |
| People in service jobs (e.g., by store clerks, waiters) | 52.6% | 49.2% | 58.6% | 43.0% | 17.4% | 31.3% | 52.3% | 20.7% | 31.6% |
| Strangers | 63.2% | 60.7% | 67.3% | 54.0% | 30.4% | 59.4% | 63.2% | 28.6% | 40.2% |
| People in helping jobs (e.g., medical professionals) | 21.1% | 20.3% | 33.4% | 18.9% | 13.0% | 12.5% | 25.3% | 8.1% | 14.8% |
| Neighbors | 29.3% | 27.4% | 34.3% | 26.7% | 21.7% | 25.0% | 27.5% | 11.2% | 17.9% |
| Institutions (e.g., schools, universities, the police) | 31.0% | 31.6% | 44.6% | 25.7% | 27.3% | 21.9% | 33.1% | 13.1% | 21.3% |
| People that you thought were your friends | 41.4% | 36.7% | 42.0% | 29.6% | 26.1% | 29.0% | 29.7% | 17.6% | 24.0% |
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| *How often… | |||||||||
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| Have you been accused or suspected of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) | 40.4% | 21.7% | 51.6% | 32.2% | 26.1% | 21.9% | 39.2% | 12.6% | 21.6% |
| Have people misunderstood your intentions/motives because of your race/ethnic group | 47.4% | 35.4% | 57.3% | 34.5% | 26.1% | 34.4% | 39.6% | 20.2% | 29.4% |
| Did you want to tell someone off for being racist towards you but you didn’t say anything | 55.2% | 53.8% | 61.2% | 44.2% | 21.7% | 53.1% | 53.2% | 25.1% | 35.3% |
| Have you been really angry about something racist that was done to you | 58.6% | 51.0% | 64.6% | 43.9% | 34.8% | 45.2% | 54.9% | 22.9% | 34.4% |
| Have you been forced to take drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other act) | 20.7% | 7.1% | 18.6% | 10.3% | 13.0% | 9.4% | 10.6% | 5.1% | 8.0% |
| Have you been called a racist name | 63.8% | 57.7% | 53.7% | 50.6% | 43.5% | 68.8% | 51.7% | 33.6% | 40.1% |
| Have you gotten into an argument or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member of your race/ethnic group | 46.6% | 34.5% | 45.8% | 38.1% | 34.8% | 37.5% | 42.5% | 20.9% | 27.1% |
| How often have you been made fun of, picked on, pushed, shoved, hit, or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group | 44.8% | 36.3% | 34.2% | 29.0% | 13.6% | 31.3% | 30.5% | 17.5% | 22.4% |
Note.
We calculated whether a student had experienced a specific discriminatory event by collapsing responses on lifetime frequency (i.e., 0 = never, 1 = at least once in a while or more frequently) due to the low number of the total sample experiencing such events (averages in frequency ranged between never and once in a while). Participants had the option to select all racial and ethnic identities with which they identified. This table reflects the multifaceted nature of participants’ identities in representing participants with multiple racial and ethnic identities in each group they selected (e.g., responses from participants who identified both as Asian and Black or African American are included in both columns). AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; NH/PI = Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; ME/NA = Middle Eastern or North African.