Fig. 5. Decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes after diacetyl (DA) vapor exposure in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs).

A Heatmap of interferon-stimulated genes that are downregulated following DA treatment. Red represents relative upregulation of gene expression and blue represents relative downregulation of gene expression. Genes are arranged by log₂ fold change with the largest log₂ fold change at the top and the smallest log₂ fold change at the bottom. B RSAD2 normalized expression data from RNA-seq analysis and C validation of RSAD2 expression by qRT-PCR shown as fold change after DA vapor exposure. All quantified results are expressed as mean ± SD. n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by an unpaired t test. *P < 0.05.