TABLE 2.
CYPs involved in the metabolism of drugs in COVID-19 treatment.
| CYP enzymes | Anti-viral drugs | Symptomatic and supportive treatment | Pharmacological therapy for comorbidity | Traditional Chinese medicine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYP1A2 | — | — | Clopidogrel clozapine, theophylline | Qingfei paidu decoction (1A family) |
| Jingyin ranules (1A family) | ||||
| CYP2B6 | — | Propofol | Clopidogrel | — |
| Diazepam | ||||
| Tramadol | ||||
| CYP2C8 | Remdesivir | Morphine | Pioglitazone | Qingfei paidu decoction |
| Loperamide | Rosiglitazone | |||
| Ibuprofen | Repaglinide | Jingyin ranules | ||
| CYP2C9 | — | Diazepam | Irbesartan | Qingfei paidu decoction |
| Losartan | ||||
| Nateglinide | ||||
| Ibuprofen | Sulfonylureas | Jingyin ranules | ||
| Clopidogrel | ||||
| Celecoxib | Carvedilol | |||
| Warfarin | ||||
| CYP2C19 | — | Diazepam | Indaparnide | Qingfei paidu decoction |
| Omeprazole | Clopidogrel | Jingyin ranules | ||
| CYP2D6 | Remdesivir | Tramadol | Propranolol | Qingfei paidu decoction |
| Carvedilol | ||||
| Chloroquine hydroxychloroquine | Loperamide | Diltiazem | ||
| Metoprolol | Jingyin ranules | |||
| Nifedipine | ||||
| CYP2E1 | — | Acetaminophen | Theophylline | Qingfei paidu decoction |
| Jingyin ranules | ||||
| CYP3A4 | Lopinavir–ritonavir | Fentanyl | Indaparnide | Qingfei paidu decoction (3A family) |
| Morphine | ||||
| Midazolam | CCBs | |||
| Remdesivir | Alprazolam | Losartan | ||
| Tramadol | Jingyin ranules (3A family) | |||
| Chloroquine hydroxychloroquine | Loperamide | Clopidogrel | ||
| Acetaminophen | Statin drugs |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus 2019; CYP, cytochrome P450.