TABLE 3.
Adverse social determinants of health by health literacy and primary language spoken
| aSDoH Domain | Screening question and response | Adequate HL, n (%) | Limited HL, n (%) | English, n (%) | Spanish, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transportation | Has the lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments or from getting medications? | ||||
| Yes | 17 (19) | 13 (9) | 25 (11) | 5 (29) | |
| No | 70 (80) | 126 (89) | 189 (86) | 9 (53) | |
| Missing | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 5 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| Food | FQ1: Within the past 12 months we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more. | ||||
| Sometimes/often true | 30 (34) | 21 (15) | 44 (20) | 7 (41) | |
| Never true | 57 (65) | 117 (83) | 169 (77) | 7 (41) | |
| Missing | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| FQ2: Within the past 12 months the food we bought just didn't last and we didn't have money to get more. | |||||
| Sometimes true/often true | 26 (30) | 13 (9) | 34 (16) | 5 (29) | |
| Never true | 60 (68) | 125 (89) | 178 (81) | 9 (53) | |
| Missing | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 7 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| Food insecurity overall: | |||||
| If answered “Sometimes true” or “Often true” to at least 1 of the 2 food security questions: | |||||
| Yes | 35 (40) | 21 (15) | 48 (22) | 8 (47) | |
| No | 51 (58) | 117 (83) | 164 (75) | 6 (35) | |
| No answer/missing | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 7 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| Housing | HQ1: What is your housing situation today? | ||||
| I do not have housing | 8 (9) | 4 (3) | 12 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| I have housing | 74 (84) | 133 (95) | 196 (90) | 13 (76) | |
| No answer/missing | 6 (7) | 4 (2) | 11 (5) | 4 (24) | |
| HQ2: How many times have you moved in the past 12 months? | |||||
| 2 or more times | 11 (12) | 11 (8) | 20 (9) | 2 (12) | |
| 0–1 time | 75 (84) | 127 (90) | 192 (88) | 12 (70) | |
| No answer/missing | 2 (4) | 3 (2) | 7 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| HQ3: Are you worried that in the next 2 months, you may not have your own housing to live in? | |||||
| Yes | 17 (19) | 12 (9) | 21 (9) | 8 (47) | |
| No | 68 (77) | 127 (90) | 192 (88) | 5 (29) | |
| No answer/missing | 3 (4) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) | 4 (24) | |
| Housing insecurity overall: | |||||
| If answered “I do not have housing” (HQ1) or “2 or more times” (HQ2) or “Yes” (HQ3): | |||||
| Yes | 25 (28) | 19 (13) | 35 (16) | 9 (54) | |
| No | 59 (67) | 118 (84) | 175 (80) | 4 (23) | |
| No answer/missing | 4 (5) | 4 (3) | 9 (4) | 4 (23) | |
| Utility bills | Do you have trouble paying your heating or electricity bill? | ||||
| Yes | 18 (21) | 7 (5) | 20 (9) | 5 (29) | |
| No | 67 (76) | 129 (91) | 190 (87) | 8 (47) | |
| No answer/missing | 3 (3) | 5 (4) | 9 (4) | 4 (24) | |
| Medications | Do you have trouble paying for medicines? | ||||
| Yes | 16 (18) | 12 (9) | 25 (12) | 3 (18) | |
| No | 68 (77) | 126 (89) | 187 (85) | 9 (53) | |
| No answer/missing | 4 (5) | 3 (2) | 7 (3) | 5 (29) | |
| Employment | Are you currently unemployed and looking for work? | ||||
| Yes | 16 (18) | 12 (9) | 24 (11) | 4 (23) | |
| No | 70 (80) | 127 (90) | 189 (86) | 10 (59) | |
| No answer/missing | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| Education | Are you interested in more education? | ||||
| Yes | 54 (61) | 68 (48) | 110 (50) | 12 (75) | |
| No | 31 (35) | 71 (50) | 102 (47) | 4 (25) | |
| No answer/missing | 3 (4) | 2 (2) | 7 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Child and dependent elder care | Do you have trouble with childcare or the care of a family member? | ||||
| Yes | 12 (14) | 7 (5) | 16 (7) | 3 (18) | |
| No | 75 (85) | 130 (92) | 196 (90) | 11 (64) | |
| No answer/missing | 5 (1) | 4 (3) | 7 (3) | 3 (18) | |
| Would you like information today about any of the following topics? | |||||
| Overall (any of the below) | 41 (47) | 26 (18) | 58 (26) | 15 (88) | |
| None (none of the below) | 47 (53) | 115 (82) | 161 (74) | 2 (12) | |
| Transportation | 13 (15) | 7 (5) | 16 (7) | 4 (24) | |
| Paying utility bills | 14 (16) | 6 (4) | 13 (6) | 7 (41) | |
| Education | 17 (19) | 11 (8) | 19 (9) | 9 (53) | |
| Food | 15 (17) | 11 (8) | 20 (9) | 6 (35) | |
| Paying for medications | 12 (14) | 7 (5) | 14 (6) | 5 (29) | |
| Childcare | 9 (10) | 4 (3) | 9 (4) | 4 (24) | |
| Housing | 15 (17) | 11 (8) | 22 (10) | 4 (24) | |
| Job search or training | 13 (13) | 6 (4) | 13 (6) | 6 (35) | |
| Care for elder or disabled | 7 (8) | 5 (4) | 9 (4) | 4 (24) | |
| In the last 12 months, have you received assistance from an organization or program to help you with any of the following: | |||||
| Overall (any of the below) | 30 (34) | 27 (19) | 52 (24) | 10 (59) | |
| None (none of the below) | 58 (66) | 114 (81) | 167 (76) | 7 (41) | |
| Transportation | 6 (7) | 1 (1) | 7 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Paying utility bills | 7 (8) | 6 (4) | 11 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Education | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Food | 13 (15) | 12 (9) | 23 (11) | 2 (12) | |
| Paying for medications | 3 (3) | 6 (4) | 7 (3) | 2 (12) | |
| Childcare | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Housing | 5 (6) | 4 (3) | 8 (4) | 1 (6) | |
| Job search or training | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Care for elder or disabled | 6 (7) | 3 (2) | 9 (4) | 0 (0) |
Abbreviation: aSDoH, adverse social determinants of health.
Note: Columns 1 and 2 describe the domain and specific question, columns 3 and 4 display the comparison by literacy, and columns 5 and 6 display the comparison by language.