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. 2022 Feb 2;13:770948. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.770948

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Li, Dai, Yang, Liang, Wang, Liu, Chen and Tao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of cognitive-behavioral tests. (A) The paradigms of novel object recognition. (B) The paradigms of novel location recognition. (C–F) The paradigms of location discrimination (LD). (D) The mask of LD with 12 locations is depicted. (E) The LD training phase is shown with two response windows illuminated at medium separation. If a mouse makes seven correct responses in eight consecutive trials, the reward-location contingency is reversed. (F) Two difficulty levels are depicted in the LD probe.