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. 2022 Feb 2;13:770948. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.770948

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Li, Dai, Yang, Liang, Wang, Liu, Chen and Tao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment regulates cholinergic biomarkers of DG by immunohistochemistry. ChAT and AChE express in the cytoplasm and nerve fibers (brown), and the nuclei are stained with hematoxylin (blue). VAChT expression is granular (brown), without hematoxylin staining of the nuclei. (A) Representative 200 × photomicrographs of ChAT (Top), AChE (Middle), and VAChT (Bottom) expression. (B–D) Statistical results of MOD of ChAT, AChE and VAChT in DG. Red arrows indicate positive protein expression, scale bar = 100 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 4/group (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs WT group; ^#p < 0.05 vs 5 × FAD group; ▲p < 0.05 vs 5 × FAD + EA group). ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; AChE, enzyme acetylcholinesterase; VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transporter; MOD, mean optical density.