Table 1.
Baseline demographic and health characteristics of covid-19, contemporary control, and historical control groups after weighting
| Characteristics | Covid-19 (n=153 848) | Contemporary control (n=5 637 840) | Historical control (n=5 859 251) | Absolute standardized difference: covid-19 and contemporary control* | Absolute standardized difference: covid-19 and historical control* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 63.06 (16.18) | 63.40 (16.22) | 63.32 (16.30) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Race: | |||||
| White | 116 729 (75.87) | 4 320 333 (76.63) | 4 486 253 (76.57) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Black | 29 708 (19.31) | 1 050 386 (18.63) | 1 093 102 (18.66) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Other | 7412 (4.82) | 267 121 (4.74) | 279 838 (4.78) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sex: | |||||
| Men | 137 265 (89.22) | 5 089 729 (90.28) | 5 286 158 (90.22) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Women | 16 583 (10.78) | 548 111 (9.72) | 573 093 (9.78) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| BMI category: | |||||
| Underweight or normal | 29 611 (19.25) | 1 091 937 (19.37) | 1 134 761 (19.37) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Overweight | 54 742 (35.58) | 2 051 835 (36.39) | 2 121 869 (36.21) | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Obese | 69 495 (45.17) | 2 494 011 (44.24) | 2 602 562 (44.42) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Smoking status: | |||||
| Never | 62 570 (40.67) | 2 400 310 (42.58) | 2 498 736 (42.65) | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Former | 57 016 (37.06) | 2 037 233 (36.14) | 2 112 201 (36.05) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Current | 34 260 (22.27) | 1 200 296 (21.29) | 1 248 313 (21.31) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Mean (SD) area deprivation index† | 55.09 (18.96) | 54.67 (19.03) | 54.65 (19.03) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Outpatient encounter‡: | |||||
| 0 or 1 | 60 471 (39.31) | 2 414 912 (42.83) | 2 508 580 (42.81) | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 2 | 42 513 (27.63) | 1 620 202 (28.74) | 1 661 566 (28.36) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| ≥3 | 50 864 (33.06) | 1 602 725 (28.43) | 1 689 105 (28.83) | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Long term care | 1882 (1.22) | 38 676 (0.69) | 41 483 (0.71) | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Mean (SD) eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 78.83 (21.08) | 78.67 (20.60) | 78.73 (20.62) | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Mean (SD) blood pressure (mm Hg): | |||||
| Systolic | 132.47 (12.36) | 132.65 (12.28) | 132.61 (12.33) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic | 77.77 (7.59) | 77.79 (7.53) | 77.80 (7.56) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cancer | 10 369 (6.74) | 348 024 (6.17) | 361 516 (6.17) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7719 (5.02) | 246 599 (4.37) | 257 866 (4.4) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 21 671 (14.09) | 717 528 (12.73) | 745 531 (12.72) | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 26 651 (17.32) | 943 774 (16.74) | 977 675 (16.69) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Chronic lung disease | 19 662 (12.78) | 616 498 (10.94) | 641 061 (10.94) | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 36 850 (23.95) | 1 286 048 (22.81) | 1 335 733 (22.80) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1502 (0.98) | 49 669 (0.88) | 51 679 (0.88) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
SD=standard deviation; BMI=body mass index; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Value ≤0.10 is considered good balance.
†
Measure of socioeconomic disadvantage (from 0 to 100 representing low to high disadvantage).
‡
Data collected within one year of cohort enrollment.