Table 1.
Characteristics of patients enrolled in risk factor analysis for TD and PNI.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 70,689) | Training Set (N = 49,482) | Validation Set (N = 21,207) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Patients | % | No. of Patients | % | No. of Patients | % | |||
| Age | 68 (58,78) | 69 (58,78) | 68 (58,78) | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 35,271 | 49.9 | 24,754 | 50.0 | 10,517 | 49.6 | ||
| Female | 35,418 | 50.1 | 24,728 | 50.0 | 10,690 | 50.4 | ||
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 56,460 | 79.9 | 39,513 | 79.9 | 16,947 | 79.9 | ||
| Black | 7,927 | 11.2 | 5,589 | 11.3 | 2,338 | 11.0 | ||
| Others | 6,302 | 8.9 | 4,380 | 8.8 | 1,922 | 9.1 | ||
| Serum CEA level | ||||||||
| Normal | 27,737 | 39.3 | 19,304 | 39.0 | 8,433 | 39.8 | ||
| Elevated | 14,766 | 20.9 | 10,356 | 20.9 | 4,410 | 20.8 | ||
| Unknown a | 28,186 | 39.8 | 19,822 | 40.1 | 8,364 | 39.4 | ||
| Tumor location | ||||||||
| Right hemicolon b | 32,503 | 46.0 | 22,728 | 45.9 | 9,775 | 46.1 | ||
| Transverse Colon | 6,306 | 8.9 | 4,488 | 9.1 | 1,818 | 8.6 | ||
| Left hemicolon c | 20,821 | 29.5 | 14,512 | 29.3 | 6,309 | 29.7 | ||
| Rectum d | 11,059 | 15.6 | 7,754 | 15.7 | 3,305 | 15.6 | ||
| Differentiation | ||||||||
| Grade I | 5,277 | 7.5 | 3,708 | 7.5 | 1,569 | 7.4 | ||
| Grade II | 53,106 | 75.1 | 37,123 | 75.0 | 15,983 | 75.4 | ||
| Grade III | 10,225 | 14.5 | 7,190 | 14.5 | 3,035 | 14.3 | ||
| Grade IV | 2,081 | 2.9 | 1,461 | 3.0 | 620 | 2.9 | ||
| T stage | ||||||||
| T1 | 8,403 | 11.9 | 5,888 | 11.9 | 2,515 | 11.8 | ||
| T2 | 13,247 | 18.7 | 9,260 | 18.7 | 3,987 | 18.8 | ||
| T3 | 40,000 | 56.6 | 27,981 | 56.6 | 12,019 | 56.7 | ||
| T4 | 9,039 | 12.8 | 6,353 | 12.8 | 2,686 | 12.7 | ||
| N stage | ||||||||
| N0 | 44,313 | 62.7 | 31,072 | 62.8 | 13,241 | 62.4 | ||
| N1 | 17,445 | 24.7 | 12,205 | 24.7 | 5,240 | 24.7 | ||
| N2 | 8,931 | 12.6 | 6,205 | 12.5 | 2,726 | 12.9 | ||
| Tumor size | ||||||||
| < 5.0 cm | 43,515 | 61.6 | 30,340 | 61.3 | 13,175 | 62.1 | ||
| ≥ 5.0 cm | 27,174 | 38.4 | 19,142 | 38.7 | 8,032 | 37.9 | ||
| Harvested lymph nodes | 19 (15,25) | 19 (15,25) | 19 (15,25) | |||||
| Tumor deposits | ||||||||
| Negative | 64,062 | 90.6 | 44,889 | 90.7 | 19,173 | 90.4 | ||
| Positive | 6,627 | 9.4 | 4,593 | 9.3 | 2,034 | 9.6 | ||
| Perineural invasion | ||||||||
| Negative | 63,658 | 90.1 | 44,549 | 90.0 | 19,109 | 90.1 | ||
| Positive | 7,031 | 9.9 | 4,933 | 10.0 | 2,098 | 9.9 | ||
| Radiotherapy | ||||||||
| No | 68,079 | 96.3 | 47,672 | 96.3 | 20,407 | 96.2 | ||
| Yes | 2,610 | 3.7 | 1,810 | 3.7 | 800 | 3.8 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| No | 48,921 | 69.2 | 34,276 | 69.3 | 14,645 | 69.1 | ||
| Yes | 21,768 | 30.8 | 15,206 | 30.7 | 6,562 | 30.9 | ||
TD, tumor deposit; PNI, perineural invasion; CEA, carcinoma embryonic antigen.
aIncluding borderline and untested.
bIncluding cecum, ascending colon, and hepatic flexure.
cIncluding splenic flexure, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.
dIncluding rectosigmoid junction and rectum.