Table 1. Baseline Characteristics by Treatment Assignment, Limited to Participants Contributing Any Follow-up Time to Outcome Analysis.
| Characteristics | No. (%) of participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Care management (n = 6230) | Skills training (n = 6227) | Usual care (n = 6187) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 4195 (67.3) | 4160 (66.8) | 4188 (67.7) |
| Male | 2035 (32.7) | 2067 (33.2) | 1999 (32.3) |
| Age group, y | |||
| 18-29 | 1438 (23.1) | 1440 (23.1) | 1457 (23.6) |
| 30-44 | 1747 (28.0) | 1797 (28.9) | 1756 (28.4) |
| 45-64 | 2069 (33.2) | 2056 (33.0) | 2067 (33.4) |
| ≥65 | 976 (15.7) | 934 (15.0) | 907 (14.7) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| American Indian, non-Hispanic | 56 (0.9) | 42 (0.7) | 35 (0.6) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 179 (2.9) | 183 (2.9) | 194 (3.1) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 241 (3.9) | 272 (4.4) | 237 (3.8) |
| Hispanic | 495 (7.9) | 486 (7.8) | 595 (8.6) |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 24 (0.4) | 29 (0.5) | 23 (0.4) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 4723 (75.8) | 4651 (74.7) | 4561 (73.7) |
| More than 1 | 170 (2.7) | 188 (3.0) | 203 (3.3) |
| Other or not recordeda | 342 (5.5) | 376 (6.0) | 399 (6.5) |
| Location of index visit | |||
| Mental health specialty clinic | 3071 (49.3) | 3111 (50.0) | 3040 (49.1) |
| General medical clinic | 3159 (50.7) | 3116 (50.0) | 3147 (50.9) |
| Baseline PHQ-9 item 9 scoreb | |||
| 2 | 4180 (67.1) | 4177 (67.1) | 4141 (66.9) |
| 3 | 2050 (32.9) | 2050 (32.9) | 2046 (33.1) |
| Diagnoses recorded in past year | |||
| Depressive disorder | 4077 (65.4) | 4020 (64.6) | 4058 (65.6) |
| Anxiety disorder | 3692 (59.3) | 3700 (59.4) | 3653 (59.0) |
| Bipolar disorder | 689 (11.1) | 686 (11.0) | 621 (10.0) |
| Personality disorder | 528 (8.5) | 561 (9.0) | 510 (8.2) |
| Drug use disorder | 462 (7.4) | 469 (7.5) | 451 (7.3) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 395 (6.3) | 364 (5.8) | 349 (5.6) |
| Schizophrenia spectrum psychosis | 71 (1.1) | 74 (1.2) | 57 (0.9) |
| Self-harm injury or poisoning in past year | 126 (2.0) | 148 (2.4) | 141 (2.3) |
| Service use in past yearc | |||
| Mental health hospitalization | 656 (10.5) | 652 (10.5) | 614 (9.9) |
| Mental health emergency department visit | 1000 (16.1) | 1059 (17.0) | 983 (15.9) |
a
Includes patients not asked about race or ethnicity and those who declined to report race or ethnicity using these standard categories.
b
On the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a score of 2 on item 9 represents reporting thoughts of death or self-harm on “more than half the days” and a score of 3 on item 9 represents reporting thoughts of death or self-harm “nearly every day.”
c
Hospitalization or emergency department visit with any recorded mental health diagnosis.