. 2022 Feb 15;5(2):e2147454. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47454

Table. Characteristics of Included Studies.

Study	Design	Mean (SD) or mean (95% CI), y			PCOS prevalence, No. (%)	Sample size, No.	Patients, No. (%)			Risk of bias	Level of evidence	Method of PCOS assessment	US use
Study	Design	Age at T2D diagnosis	Age at study enrollment/measurement	Duration of T2D	PCOS prevalence, No. (%)	Sample size, No.	Ethnic distribution	Prevalence of PCOS by ethnic group	Prevalence of obesity in female patients	Risk of bias	Level of evidence	Method of PCOS assessment	US use
Amed et al,⁴⁵ 2012, Canada	RC	Indigenous: 12.9 (12.4-13.4)^a	Indigenous: 12.9 (12.4-13.4)^a	0	11 (8.5)	130	White 36 (27.7)	White: 6 (17)	NR	Moderate	3	Medical records	No
		White: 14.4 (13.8-15.1)^a	White: 14.4 (13.8-15.1)^a				Indigenous: 64 (49.2)	Indigenous: 1 (2)
		Other ethnicity: 14.3 (13.7-14.9)^a^,^b	Other ethnicity: 14.3 (13.7-14.9)^a^,^b				Other: 30 (23.1)^b	Other: 5 (17)^,^b
Amutha et al,⁴⁶ 2012, India	RC	16.1 (2.5)^a^,^c	22.2 (9.7)^a^,^c	5.94 (0.48)^a^,^c	45 (23.1)	195	Indian: 195 (100)^d	Indian: 45 (23.1)^d	NR	Moderate	1	Clinical symptoms (unspecified)	No
Balasanthiran et al,⁴⁷ 2012, UK	RC	15.2 (3.34)^a	21.2 (3.19)^a	5.4 (3.09)^a	6 (22)	27	Bangladeshi: 11 (25)	NR	NR	Moderate	2	Hirsutism (documented using the Ferriman-Gallwey score) and menstrual irregularities	No
							Black African: 4 (9)
							Black Caribbean: 4 (9)
							Indian: 7 (16)
							Pakistani: 9 (20)
							White British: 6 (14)
							Unclear: 3 (7)^a
Pérez-Perdomo et al,⁴⁸ 2005, Puerto Rico	RC	<10 y: 5 (7.9%)	<10 y: 5 (7.8%)	NR	12 (21)	58^e	NR	NR	NR	High	3	Medical records	No
		10-14 y: 36 (57.1%)	10-14 y: 29 (45.3%)
		15-18 y: 21 (33.3%)	15-18 y: 29 (45.3%)
		≥19 y: 1 (1.6%)	≥19 y: 1 (1.6%)
Zdravkovic et al,⁴⁹ 2004, Canada	RC	13.5 (2.2)^a	13.5 (2.2)^a	0	6 (23)	26	African Canadian: 11 (27)	NR	NR	Low	2	History of irregular menstrual periods, obesity, or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism	No
							White: 6 (15)
							First Nations: 1 (2)
							Hispanic: 4 (10)
							South or East Asian: 19 (46)^a
Shield et al,⁵⁰ 2009, UK and Republic of Ireland	PC	13.6 (9.9-16.8)^a	14.5 (10.8-17.8)^a	1	9 (26)	34	Black: 12 (17)	NR	NR	Low	2	Clinical features of PCOS including hirsutism and menstrual disturbance, supported by biochemical evidence of low sex hormone-binding globulin and luteinizing hormone predominance or US	Yes
							Mixed or Chinese: 6 (8)
							South Asian: 13 (18)
							White: 42 (57)^a

Abbreviations: NR, not reported; PC, prospective cohort; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; RC, retrospective cohort; T2D, type 2 diabetes; US, ultrasonography.

^{^a}

Value is representative of whole cohort of the study including male patients.

^{^b}

The study did not specify what is meant by other race or ethnicity.

^{^c}

Data are mean (SE).

^{^d}

Ethnic distribution is assumed to match country of origin.

^{^e}

We subtracted from sample size girls with T2D diagnosed at age less than 10 years because they are unlikely to be pubertal and present with PCOS, and girls with T2D diagnosis at age greater than 18 years because this does not fit our inclusion criteria.