| vessel/muscle
interface |
cell/hybrid electrospinning |
C2C12/HUVECs |
enhancement of MHC and sarcomeric α-actin
expression
for HUVEC-C2C12 construct compared to those containing only muscle
cells |
(205) |
| vessel/muscle interface |
microfluidic spinning |
C2C12/HUVECs |
fabrication of biomimetic structure formed
by convoluted capillaries
around a muscle bundle |
(206) |
| high viability (>90%) of both C2C12 and HUVECs |
| neuromuscular junction (NMJ) |
hybrid 3D bioprinting |
hMPCs/hNSCs |
integration of hNSCs improved skeletal muscle restoration upon in vivo implantation in TA rat defect |
(144) |
| differentiation of hNSCs into neurons and glial
cells |
|
in vivo innervation
following NMJ formation |
| myotendinous
junction (MTJ) |
hybrid 3D bioprinting |
C2C12/NIH 3T3 |
recapitulation of
MTJ mechanical and biological heterogeneous
complexity |
(143) |
| myotubes formation
and deposition of collagen type I at the
muscle and tendon side, respectively |
| cell-organization
pattern at the interface region |
| increase
of focal adhesion markers responsible for upregulating
MTJ compared to only muscle-side |
| connective tissue/muscle interface |
microfluidic-assisted
3D bioprinting |
C2C12/BALB 3T3 |
fine compartmentalization of C2C12 myoblasts and BALB/3T3 fibroblasts
in a Janus fiber configuration |
(7) |
| formation of myotubes exclusively in the compartmentalized
region after 5 days of culture |
