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. 2022 Feb 1;9:793868. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868

Table 4.

Summary of the included studies.

ID Author and Year Title Country Study design Duration Data collection N Sampling Males Age Theory
1 Arend et al. (37) Increased screen use on days with increased perceived COVID-19-related confinements - a day level ecological momentary assessment study Germany, Austria L 14 days online 102 R 18.6% 25.5
2 Ellis et al. (40) Physically isolated but socially connected: psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the intial COVID-19 crisis Canada C online 1,054 C 21.9% 16.68
3 Li et al. (41) The impact of COVID-19 on the loves and mental health of Australian adolescents Australia C online 760 C 19% 14.8
4 Liu et al. (42) COVID-19 information overload and generation Z's social media discontinuance intention during the pandemic lockdown United Kingdom C online 322 C 38.80% 18-25 Stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model
5 Zhao et al. (43) COVID-19 stress and addictive social media use (SMU): mediating role of active use and social median flow China C online 512 C 37.5% 22.12 Addictive social media use, Theory of basic psychological needs
6 Arslan et al. (44) Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Asjustment in College Students: Exploring the Role of College Belongingness and Social media Addiction Turkey C online 315 C 23% 21.65
7 Zhen et al. (45) College students coping with COVID-19: stress-buffering effects of self-discolsure on social media and parental support United States C online 215 C 21% 20.5 Stressful life events, Social penetration theory
8 Dong et al. (46) Internet Addiction and Related Psychological Factors Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic China C online 2,050 C 52% 12.34
9 Vall-Roqué et al. (47) The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbance and self-esteem among adolescent and young women Spain C online 1,620 C 0% 14-24
10 Sheoran et al. (48) Prevalence of psychological distress among adolescents in relation to internet addiction during COVID-19 times India C online 300 C 50% 15.57
11 Hong et al. (49) Social media exposure and college students' mental health during the outbreak of covid-19: the emdiating role of rumination and the moderating role of mindfulness China C online 439 C 58.10% 20.37 Health belief model, Integrated model of ruminative response style, Diathesis-stress model
12 Magson et al. (38) Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adoelscent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic Australia L 12 months online 248 C 50% 14.4
13 Li et al. (50) Mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a 2-wave longitudinal survey China L 2.5 months online T1: 164 101; T2: 68 658 C 37.40% college year (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, and graduate)
14 Chambonn
-iere et al. (51)
Effect of the covid-19 lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behvaiors in french children and adolescents: new results from the ONAPS national survey France C online 6,491 C 38.80% 6-17
15 Islam et al. (52) Problematic internet use among yound and adult population in Bangladesh: Correlates with lifestyle and online activities during the COVID-19 pandemic Bangladesh C online 13,525 C 61.30% 23.7
16 Parker et al. (53) The use of digital platforms for adult's and adolescents' physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic (our life at home): survey study Australia C online 963 R 28.90% 16.2
17 Dragun et al. (54) Have lifestyle habits and psychilogical well-being changed among adolescents and medical students due to COVID-19 lockdown in Croatia? Croatia C offline/online T1: 1326; T2: 531 C 40% 18
18 Fumagalli et al. (36) Centennials, FOMO, and loneliness: an investigation of the impact of social networking and messaging/VoIP apps usage during the initial stage of the coronavirus pandemic Italy, Argentina, United Kingdom L 1 month online 334 C 30.20% 21.5 Evolutionay theory of loneliness
19 Magis-Weinberg et al. (55) Positive and Negative Online Experiences and Loneliness in Peruvian Adolescents During the COVID-19 Lockdown Latin America L 3 months online 735 C 38.80% 13.25
20 Rens et al. (56) Mental distress and its contributing factors among young people during the first wave of COVID-19: a belgian survey study Belgium C online 2,008 R 21.91% 22.27
21 Xiao et al. (57) Physical activity, screen time and mood disturbance among chinese adolescents during COVID-19 China C online 1,680 C 51.30% 7-12
22 Nomura et al. (58) Cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation at a japanese national unviersity during the COVID-19 stay-home order Japan C online 2,449 C 58% 20
23 Hudimova et al. (59) The impact of social media on young web user's psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic progression Ukraine C online 254 C NA 16-21
24 Cauberghe et al. (60) How adolescents use social media to cope with feelings of loneliness and anxiety during COVID-19 lockdown Belgio C online 2,165 C 34.4% 15.51 Mood management theory
25 Pigaiani et al. (61) Adolescent lifestyle behaviors, coping strategies and subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online student survey Italy C online 306 C 72.90% 18.1
26 Islam et al. (52) Problematic Smartphone and Social Media Use Among Bangladeshi College and University Students Amid COVID-19: The Role of Psychological Well-Being and Pandemic Related Factors Bangladesh C Online 5,511 C 58.90% 21.2 (1.7)
27 Chen et al. (62) Internet-Related Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 School Hiatus China C Online 2,026 C 50.10% 10.71 (1.07) Interaction of Person- Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model
28 Fung et al. (63) Problematic Use of Internet-Related Activities and Perceived Weight Stigma in Schoolchildren: A Longitudinal Study Across Different Epidemic Periods of COVID-19 in China China L 6 months Online T1: 550; T2: 543; T3: 489 C 51% 11.60 (.74) Components model of addiction
29 Hayran et al. (64) Well-Being and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on Digital Content in the Time of COVID-19: A Correlational Analysis among University Students Europe C online 178 C 62 21.35 (1.82)
30 Siste et al. (65) Implications of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: Data From a Developing Country Indonesia C online 2,932 C 21,3% 17.38 (2.24)

Study design (C, correlational; L, longitudinal): Duration If longitudinal duration in months (between first and last wave); N, analytical sample size; Sampling (Type of sampling procedure) (R, random; C, convenient; other, specify); Age (Mean, Standard deviation or Range, if Longitudinal, M and SD at T1 are reported).