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. 2022 Feb 8;17(9):1898–1906. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335143

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Formation of exosomes.

The formation of exosomes can be roughly divided into three steps: ① The cell membrane invaginates to form an intracellular vesicle through endocytosis, also known as an early endosome, which gradually transform into late endosomes; ② MVBs are gradually formed through the entry of some “cargo”; ③ some MVBs fuse with lysosomes and are degraded, whereas the remaining vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and are released to the extracellular space in the form of exosomes. MVB: Multivesicular bodies; ncRNA: noncoding RNA.