Table 2.
Usual Energy and Nutrient Intakes from food and dietary supplements among Infants and Toddlers 0-23.9 months in FITS UAE 2020
| 0 – 5.9 months (n=113) | 6 – 11.9 months (n=73) | 12 – 23.9 months (n=90) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient Intake | Mean ± SE | % DRI Compliance | Mean + SE | % DRI Compliance | Mean + SE | % DRI Compliance | |||||
| >AI | >UL | >AI | <EAR | >UL | >AI | <EAR | >UL | ||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 667.8 ± 17.5 | -- | -- | 840.5 ± 31.5 | -- | -- | -- | 1001.7 ± 37.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Fat, g/d | 38.4 ± 0.7 | 94.7 | -- | 36.6 ± 1.6 | 68.5 | -- | -- | 39.2 ± 1.7 | -- | -- | -- |
| Saturated Fat, g/d | 15.5 ± 0.4 | -- | -- | 12.5 ± 0.8 | -- | -- | -- | 13.7 ± 0.7 | -- | -- | -- |
| Cholesterol, mg/d | 92.7 ± 3.3 | -- | -- | 85.1 ± 9.3 | -- | -- | -- | 124.1 ± 9.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Monounsaturated Fat, g/d | 12.6 ± 0.4 | -- | -- | 10.3 ± 0.8 | -- | -- | -- | 11.6 ± 0.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| Polyunsaturated Fat, g/d | 4.7 ± 0.2 | -- | -- | 4.7 ± 0.3 | -- | -- | -- | 6.2 ± 0.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| Linoleic acid, g/d | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 31.9 | -- | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 50.7 | -- | -- | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 34.4 | -- | -- |
| α Linolenic acid, g/d | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 35.4 | -- | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 46.6 | -- | -- | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 27.8 | -- | -- |
| Carbohydrates, g/d | 66.1 ± 2.4 | 51.3 | -- | 103.5 ± 4.1 | 58.9 | -- | -- | 129.3 ± 5.3 | -- | 30.0 | -- |
| Total Sugar, g/d | 54.5 ± 1.8 | -- | -- | 49.9 ± 3.4 | -- | -- | -- | 54.5 ± 3.0 | -- | -- | -- |
| Free Sugar, g/d | 4.7 ± 1.3 | -- | -- | 9.8 ± 2.1 | -- | -- | -- | 18.1 ± 1.5 | -- | -- | -- |
| Free Sugars, % energy a | 2.3 ± 0.5 | -- | 10 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | -- | -- | 21.9 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | -- | -- | 56.7 |
| Added Sugars, g/d | 0.6 ± 0.2 | -- | -- | 5.1 ± 0.8 | -- | -- | -- | 13.6 ± 1.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| Protein, g/d | 13.2 ± 0.6 | 89.4 | -- | 21.8 ± 1.0 | -- | 5.5 | -- | 32.9 ± 1.5 | -- | 1.1 | -- |
| Dietary Fiber, g/d* | 0.1 ± 0.0 | -- | -- | 1.7 ± 0.3 | -- | -- | -- | 17.7 ± 2.6 | 28.1 | -- | -- |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 60.1 ± 2.8 | 96.5 | -- | 71.1 ± 3.8 | 71.2 | -- | -- | 66.1 ± 3.5 | -- | 2.2 | 0.0 |
| Thiamine, mg/d | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 65.5 | -- | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 94.5 | -- | -- | 0.8 ± 0.0 | -- | 6.7 | -- |
| Riboflavin, mg/d | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 98.2 | -- | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 93.2 | -- | -- | 1.2 ± 0.1 | -- | 3.3 | -- |
| Niacin, mg/d* | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 70.6 | -- | 6.0 ± 0.5 | 63.6 | -- | -- | 10.4 ± 0.8 | -- | 21.4 | -- |
| Vitamin B6, mg/d | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 99.1 | -- | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 91.8 | -- | -- | 0.8 ± 0.0 | -- | 10.0 | 0 |
| Folate, μ/d | 94.5 ± 7.0 | 49.6 | -- | 176.0 ± 10.6 | 87.7 | -- | -- | 244.1 ± 13.0 | -- | 21.1 | -- |
| Vitamin B12, μ/d | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 96.5 | -- | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 80.8 | -- | -- | 2.0 ± 0.2 | -- | 10.0 | -- |
| Vitamin D, μ/d | 10.8 ± 0.7 | 69.0 | 5.3 | 12.2 ± 0.9 | 60.3 | -- | 0.0 | 10.2 ± 0.8 | -- | 48.9 | 0.0 |
| Vitamin A RAE** | 584.6 ± 14.6 | 98.2 | 15.9 | 596.8 ± 32.3 | 58.9 | -- | 13.7 | 505.5 ± 27.7 | -- | 8.9 | 17.8 |
| Vitamin K, μ/d* | 10.8 ± 2.1 | 85.0 | -- | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 98.6 | -- | -- | 32.3 ± 3.3 | 36.7 | -- | -- |
| Calcium, mg/d | 427.9 ± 22.6 | 99.1 | 5.3 | 571.1 ± 32.9 | 95.9 | -- | 1.4 | 649.4 ± 33.2 | -- | 35.6 | 0.0 |
| Phosphorus, mg/d* | 214.1 ± 11.0 | 89.1 | -- | 384.1 ± 23.5 | 67.0 | -- | -- | 703.7 ± 39.4 | -- | 16.6 | 0.0 |
| Iron, mg/d | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 99.1 | 0.0 | 10.3 ± 1.0 | -- | 46.6 | 1.4 | 8.9 ± 0.7 | -- | 11.1 | 0.0 |
| Zinc, mg/d | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 23.0 | 12.4 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | -- | 31.5 | 21.9 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | -- | 16.7 | 11.1 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 240.9 ± 16.6 | 99.1 | -- | 445.7 ± 31.2 | 76.7 | -- | -- | 920.5 ± 56.9 | 45.6 | -- | 25.6 |
| Potassium, mg/d | 620.1 ± 26.7 | 98.2 | -- | 1047.3 ± 47.5 | 82.2 | -- | -- | 1364.3 ± 61.1 | 10.0 | -- | -- |
*Note: Estimated usual intakes are calculated from the PC-side software. Values are presented as percentages of DRI compliance based on the total usual intakes
**The vitamin A upper level is based on preformed Vitamin A
DRI Dietary Reference Intake, AI Adequate Intakes, UL Tolerable Upper Intake level, EAR Estimated Average Requirement
SOURCES: WHO, Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); and Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001); Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulphate (2005); and Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011)
aFree sugars is compared to the recommended value of below 5%. Participants consuming above 5% were considered consuming above the UL