Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
| Trial participants | Nested case-control participants | |||||
|
Nonsurvivors
(n = 127) |
Survivors (n = 653) | P |
Nonsurvivors
(NS; n = 92) |
Survivors
(S; n = 92) |
P | |
| Age (months)†, means ± SDs |
21.4 ± 16.6 | 22.7 ± 18.7 | 0.45 | 21.3 ± 17.7 | 21.2 ± 15.3 | 0.95 |
| Gender (female), (%) | 64 (50.4%) | 296 (45.3%) | 0.30 | 42 (45.7%) | 42 (45.7%) | 1.00 |
| Anthropometric and nutritional features | ||||||
| MUAC (cm)†, means ± SD |
10.7 ± 1.6 | 11.3 ± 1.4 | <0.001 * | 10.7 ± 1.6 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 0.41 |
| WHZ, means ± SD | −3.8 ± 1.5 (n = 120) | −3.2 ± 1.5 (n = 617) | <0.001 * | −3.8 ± 1.6 (n = 86) | −3.4 ± 1.6 (n = 90) | 0.16 |
| WAZ, means ± SD | −4.3 ± 1.4 | 651; −3.9 ± 1.4 | <0.001 * | −4.4 ± 1.4 | −4.2 ± 1.4 | 0.28 |
| HAZ, means ± SD | −3.3 ± 1.7 (n = 124) | −3.0 ± 1.7 (n = 652) | 0.07 | −3.4 ± 1.8 (n = 89) | −3.3 ± 1.6 | 0.76 |
| BMIZ, means ± SD | −3.2 ± 0.9 (n = 4) | −3.3 ± 2.1 (n = 34) | 0.96 | −3.3 ± 1.1 (n = 3) | −4.2 ± 0.1 (n = 2) | 0.33 |
| Nutritional edema present, n (%) |
47 (37.0%) | 199 (n = 650, 30.6%) | 0.16 | 29 (31.5%) | 26 (28.3%) | 0.63 |
| Clinical features | ||||||
| HIV antibody test†, n (%) |
||||||
| Positive | 47 (37.0%) | 122 (18.7%) | 35 (38.0%) | 36 (39.1%) | ||
| Refused/died before testing |
16 (12.6%) | 24 (3.7%) | <0.001 * | 12 (13.0%) | 12 (13.0%) | 0.99 |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 61 (48.0%) | 267 (40.9%) | 0.14 | 45 (48.9%) | 30 (32.6%) | 0.02 * |
| Severe pneumonia, n (%) |
40 (31.5%) | 153 (23.4%) | 0.05 | 33 (35.9%) | 22 (23.9%) | 0.08 |
| Chest indrawing | 39 (30.7%) | 105 (16.1%) | <0.001 * | 33 (35.9%) | 13 (14.1%) | <0.001 * |
| Fever, n (%) | 36 (28.3%) | 180 (27.6%) | 0.86 | 31 (33.7%) | 22 (23.9%) | 0.14 |
| Vomiting, n (%) | 32 (25.2%) | 183 (28.0%) | 0.52 | 26 (28.3%) | 18 (19.6%) | 0.17 |
| Impaired consciousness, n (%) |
10 (7.9%) | 18 (2.8%) | 0.01 * | 5 (5.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.25 |
| Cerebral palsy, n (%) | 17 (13.4%) | 99 (15.2%) | 0.61 | 12 (13.0%) | 15 (16.3%) | 0.54 |
| Chronic cough, n (%) | 6 (4.7%) | 44 (6.7%) | 0.40 | 5 (5.4%) | 10 (10.9%) | 0.18 |
| Hypothermia, n (%) | 8 (6.3%) | 35 (5.4%) | 0.67 | 6 (6.5%) | 8 (8.7%) | 0.58 |
| Convulsions, n (%) | 7 (5.5%) | 30 (4.6%) | 0.66 | 6 (6.5%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.05 |
| Malaria, n (%) | 6 (4.7%) | 57 (8.7%) | 0.13 | 4 (4.3%) | 5 (5.4%) | 0.73 |
| Tuberculosis, n (%) | 4 (3.1%) | 12 (1.8%) | 0.34 | 3 (3.3%) | 3 (3.3%) | 1.00 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 4 (3.1%) | 22 (3.4%) | 0.90 | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.41 |
| Original trial features | ||||||
| Recruitment site, n (%) |
||||||
| Kilifi County Hospital | 23 (18.1%) | 156 (23.9%) | 23 (25.0%) | 21 (22.8%) | ||
| Coast Provincial General Hospital |
40 (31.5%) | 250 (38.3%) | 36 (39.1%) | 43 (46.7%) | ||
| Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital |
64 (50.4%) | 247 (37.8%) | 0.03 * | 33 (35.9%) | 28 (30.4%) | 0.58 |
| Randomization arm (modified F75), n (%) |
68 (53.5%) | 322 (49.3%) | 0.38 | 50 (54.3%) | 41 (44.6%) | 0.19 |
†Factors used in propensity score matching of case-controls. *P < 0.05.