Fig. 2. Setup of cases 0 to 5 of the prototypical problem.

All the illustrations and geometric parameters are given in the reference (undeformed) configuration. The target of each case is to estimate the unknown parameters θ given the displacement data on the measurement points. All unknown parameters describe the geometry of the void/inclusion except μ_i in case 5, which is the shear modulus of the inclusion. For each case, we specify the type of the inhomogeneity (void/inclusion), unknown parameters, the material model (linear elasticity/hyperelasticity/deformation plasticity), type of the loading (uniaxial/biaxial), and the location of displacement measurements (uniformly on the outer boundary/inside the solid). Additional cases are summarized in the main text and presented in detail in the Supplementary Materials.