Table 9. Subgroup analysis for commercial tests.
| Manufacturer | Number of studies | Sample size | Pooled Sensitivity | Sensitivity reported by manufacturer | Pooled Specificity | Specificity reported by manufacturer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage [95% CI] |
I2 [95% CI] |
Percentage [95% CI] |
I2 [95% CI] |
||||||
| ELISA-based | |||||||||
| Anti-CHIKV ELISA (IgM) | Euroimmun Lübeck, Germany | 6 | 895 | 95.3 [92.9; 97.0] |
25.5% [0.0; 64.0] | 98.1 | 95.2 [84.9; 98.6] |
66.6% [20.3; 86.0] | 98.9 |
| Anti-CHIKV ELISA (IgG) | Euroimmun Lübeck, Germany | 3 | 295 | 95.5 [91.6; 97.6] |
30.4% [0.0; 92.8] | NA | 91.5 [78.0; 97.1] |
55.0% [0.0; 87.2] | NA |
| SD Chikungunya IgM ELISA | Standard Diagnostics Inc., Yongin-si, Korea | 2 | 336 | 65.3 [28.9; 89.8] |
93.9% [80.7; 98.1] | 93.6 | 90.9 [86.7; 93.9] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 95.9 |
| Anti-Chikungunya Virus IgM Human ELISA Kit | Abcam, UK | 2 | 116 | 100 [0; 100] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | >90 | 97.7 [85.6; 99.7] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | >90 |
| CHIKjj Detect MAC-ELISA | InBios, Seattle, WA, USA | 3 | 378 | 98.6 [64.9; 100] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | >90 | 92.0 [87.9; 94.8] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | >90 |
| Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) | |||||||||
| Anti-CHIKV IIFT (IgG) | Euroimmun Lübeck, Germany | 2 | 243 | 96.0 [89.9; 98.5] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 95 | 99.1 [61; 100] | 0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 96 |
| Anti-CHIKV IIFT (IgM) | Euroimmun Lübeck, Germany | 4 | 499 | 98.1 [91.5; 99.6] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 100 | 98.6 [95.8; 99.5] |
0.0% [0.0; 72.6] | 96 |
| Rapid test | |||||||||
| On-site CHIK IgM Combo Rapid test | CTK Biotech Inc., San Diego, CA, USA | 3 | 145 | 27.9 [10.8; 55.2] |
81.0% [40.5; 93.9] | 90.4 | 98.7 [84.9; 99.9] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 98 |
| SD BIOLINE Chikungunya IgM | Standard Diagnostics Inc., Yongin-si, Korea | 3 | 216 | 19.1 [0.6; 90.0] |
80.7% [39.4; 93.8] | 97.1 | 73.3 [63.8; 81.0] |
0.0% [0.0; 0.0] | 98.9 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not available; I2, Inconsistency.