Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection with their liver function tests on hospital admission.
p: statistical significance; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DL: dyslipidemia; CAD: coronary artery disease; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase
| Characteristic | Total (N = 230) | Non-severe COVID-19 (N = 117) | Severe COVID-19 (N = 113) | p-value |
| Mean ± standard deviation | ||||
| Age, years | 60.16 ± 16.15 | 59.18 ± 15.99 | 60.88 ± 16.15 | 0.622 |
| CT chest involvement, % | 52.73 ± 18.94 | 40.15 ± 14.47 | 65.78 ± 12.12 | <0.0001 |
| Gender, N (%) | 0.597 | |||
| Female | 157 (68) | 78 (66.7) | 79 (70) | |
| Male | 73 (32) | 39 (33.3) | 34 (30) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | ||||
| Previously healthy | 70 (30.4) | 39 (33) | 31 (27) | 0.387 |
| HTN | 22 (9.6) | 13 (11) | 9 (8) | 0.648 |
| DM | 14 (6.1) | 8 (7) | 6 (5) | 0.784 |
| DL | 20 (8.7) | 12 (10) | 8 (7) | 0.483 |
| CAD | 21 (9.1) | 6 (5) | 15 (13) | 0.041 |
| Asthma | 6 (2.6) | 2 (2) | 4 (4) | 0.446 |
| HTN, DM, and DL | 15 (6.5) | 8 (7) | 7 (6) | 0.803 |
| HTN and DM | 20 (8.7) | 8 (7) | 12 (11) | 0.36 |
| Others | 42 (18.3) | 21 (18) | 21 (19) | 0.865 |
| Liver function tests, N (%) | ||||
| ALT, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 119 (52) | 61 (53) | 58 (51) | 0.791 |
| >ULN | 72 (32) | 36 (32) | 36 (32) | 0.964 |
| >2 ULN | 36 (16) | 17 (15) | 19 (17) | 0.720 |
| AST, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 86 (39.5) | 53 (49) | 33 (30) | 0.05 |
| >ULN | 99 (45.4) | 40 (37) | 59 (54) | 0.015 |
| >2 ULN | 33 (15.1) | 15 (14) | 18 (16) | 0.706 |
| ALP, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 197 (92) | 103 (96) | 94 (88) | 0.04 |
| >ULN | 11 (5) | 2 (2) | 9 (8) | 0.03 |
| >2 ULN | 6 (3) | 2 (2) | 4 (4) | 0.408 |
| GGT, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 156 (70) | 85 (77) | 71 (63) | 0.025 |
| >ULN | 44 (20) | 15 (14) | 29 (26) | 0.022 |
| >2 ULN | 24 (10) | 11 (9) | 13 (11) | 0.7 |