Table 1.
Characteristics* of the study participants, stratified by Cobb angle
| Variables | Cobb angle ≥ 50 (N = 161 – 169)** |
Cobb angle < 50 (N = 922 – 923)** |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 74.33 (6.14) | 72.50 (5.32) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/cm 2 ), mean ± SD | 26.91 (3.72) | 27.54 (3.92) | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 81.81 (13.31) | 83.50 (13.38) | 0.13 |
| Weight change (kg), mean ± SD | −1.54 (5.19) | −1.07 (4.67) | 0.24 |
| Physical activity (PASE score), mean ± SD | 146.90 (70.28) | 151.40 (69.76) | 0.44 |
| Alcohol (drinks/wk), mean ± SD | 3.92 (5.32) | 4.62 (6.77) | 0.14 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never smoke | 61 (36.09) | 363 (39.33) | 0.53 |
| Past smoker | 103 (60.95) | 523 (56.66) | |
| Current smoker | 5 (2.96) | 37 (4.01) | |
| Family history of hyperkyphosis (Y), n (%) | 29 (18.01) | 99 (11.11) | 0.01 |
| DDD (Y), n (%) | 128 (75.74) | 554 (60.02) | <0.01 |
| Spine BMD (gm/cm 2 ), mean ± SD | 1.11 ± 0.23 | 1.18 ± 0.24 | <0.01 |
| Hip BMD (gm/cm 2 ), mean ± SD | 0.92 ± 0.14 | 0.97 ± 0.13 | < 0.01 |
| Prevalent vertebral fracture (Y), n (%) | 16 (9.47) | 29 (3.14) | < 0.01 |
| Incident vertebral fracture (Y), n (%) | 11 (6.51) | 25 (2.71) | 0.01 |
SD standard deviation, n number, Y yes, ° degree
*
All from baseline except weight change and incident fracture.
**
Different sample sizes due to missing values.