Table 3.
Reported PAP use and adherence across 42 studies.
| Author (year) | n* | Definition of Adherence | Met Adherence n (%) | Average hours/night M (SD) or Median (IQR or range) | Outcome Assessment Period† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Alebraheem Z et al 2018 (32) | 21 | > 4 h/night for >50% nights | 6 (29%) | 3.1 (3)c | 1 mo |
| Amaddeo A et al 2015 (33) | 20 | NR | NR | 7.4 (2.1)c | 1 mo |
| Amaddeo A et al 2018 (38) | 27 | ≥ 4 h/night after 2 mo | 27/31 (87%) | 8.2 (range, 5.5–12.2) | ≥ 2 mo |
| Avis K et al 2019 (53) | 20 | ≥ 4 h/night | 11 (55%) | NR | 3 mo |
| Beebe DW & Byars KC 2011 (54) | 13 | > 21% of sleep time | 7 (54%) | NR | 2 mo |
| Bergeron M et al 2019 (39) | 19 | > 4h/night | 8 (42%) | 4.0 (0.5–5.6) | ≥ 3 mo |
| Caldarelli V et al 2013 (36) | 15 | NR | NR | 7.3 (1.8) | NR |
| DiFeo N et al 2012 (22) | 56 | NR | NR | 3 (3)a 2.8 (2.7)b |
1 mo 3 mo |
| Dudoignon B et al 2017 (35) | 11 | > 4 h/night | 9 (82%) | 8.8 (4)d | 24 mo |
| Girbal IC et al 2014 (55) | 68 | > 3h/night | 53 (78%) | NR | NR |
| Harford KL et al 2013 (47) | 19 | > 4h/night for >70% nights | 5 (42%) (new pt) 3 (43%) (prior pt) |
NR | ≥ 6 wks |
| Hawkins SM et al 2016 (40) | 140 | ≥ 4 h/night for >70% nights | 69 (49%) | 7.4 (5.5–9.3)‡ (Ad,
n=69) 1.7 (0.3–3.1)‡ (Non-ad, n=71) |
NR |
| Jambhekar SK et al 2013 (16) | 46 | > 4 h/night for > 50% nights | 22 (48%) | NR | NR |
| Kang EK et al 2019 (12) | 177 | h use on nights used | NR | 5.72 (no IQR or range)# | 6 mo |
| Katz SL et al 2017 (26) | 22 | ≥ 4 h/night for > 50% nights | 14 (64%) (6 mo, n=22) 11 (69%) (12 mo, n=16) |
NR | 6 mo 12 mo |
| Konstantinopoulou S et al 2016 (41) | 11 | NR | NR | 1.9 (1.2, 2.3) | 3 mo |
| Koontz KL et al 2003 (48) | 20 | NR | NR | BT (n=11): 0.8 (no SD) (baseline) 5.9 (no SD) (post) CR+ (n=6): 1.7 (no SD) (baseline) 8.5 (no SD) (post) CR- (n=3): 3.3 (no SD) (baseline) 0.7 (no SD) (post) |
Baseline: NR Post: 25.7 mo (average) |
| Kushida CA et al 2014 (34) | 14 | NR | NR | 7.4 (2.6)§ d | ≥ 21 d |
| Lynch MK et al 2014 (13) | 25 | > 4 h/night for ≥ 50% nights | 15 (60%) | NR | 3 mo |
| Machaalani R et al 2016 (14) | 99 | ≥ 4 h/night for ≥ 70% nights | ≥ 4 wk: 41 (75%) (CPAP,
n=55) 40 (91%) (BPAP n=44) 12 mo: 13 (76%) (CPAP, n=17) 15 (80%) (BPAP, n=19) |
≥ 4 wk: 6.8 (2.8) (CPAP) 9.3 (3.6) (BPAP) 12 mo: 8 (4.1) (CPAP)b 9.3 (3.8) (BPAP)b |
≥ 4 wks 12 mo |
| Marcus CL et al 2006 (29) | 18 | Poor adherence < 3 h/night | NR | 5.3 (2.5) (PP; n=18)b 3.8 (3.3) (ITT; n=29) |
6 mo |
| Marcus CL et al 2012 (21) | 56 | NR | NR | CPAP (n=13) 3.4 (2.3) (1 mo)a 2.1 (2.5) (3 mo)b BPAP (n=43) 3.1 (2.8) (1 mo)a 3.1 (2.8) (3 mo)b |
1 mo 3 mo |
| Massa F et al 2002 (56) | 42 | Use every night, all night long | 28 (68%) | NR | NR |
| Mendoza-Ruiz et al 2019 (43) | 15 | >3 h/night | NR | 1 wk: 7.3 (1.9) (Ad; n=9) 1 (0.6) (Non-Ad; n=6 1 mo: 7.5 (2) (Ad; n=9) 4.5 (1.2) (Non-Ad; n=6 | 1 wk 1 mo |
| Mihai R et al 2017 (44) | 26 | NR | NR | 6.3 (2) (APAP)# 6.3 (2.7) (CPAP)# |
1 mo |
| Nathan AM et al 2013 (58) | 51 | ≥ 4 d/wk | 21 (41%) | NR | NR |
| Nixon GM et al 2011 (59) | 30 | > 1 h/night > 6 nights/wk | 10 (33%) | 4.7 (2.7)b | 2–3 mo |
| O’Donnell AR et al 2006 (18) | 51 | NR | NR | 4.7 (1.4–7) | ≥ 1.3 mo |
| Prashad PS et al 2013 (42) | 21 | NR | NR | 6.4 (1.3) (high use; n=7) ¶ 0.5 (0.4) (low use; n=7) ¶ 0 (0) (no use; n=7) ¶ | 1 mo |
| Perriol MP et al 2019 (23) | 78–34 | NR | NR | 6.1 (2.8) (1 mo;
n=78)a 6.2 (2.6) (3 mo; n=72)b 6.2 (2.8) (6 mo; n=63) 6.3 (2.8) (12 mo; n=55) 7.0 (2.7) (24 mo; n=34) |
1 mo 3 mo 6 mo 12 mo 24 mo |
| Puri P et al 2016 (24) | 56 | NR | NR | 3.5 (2.7) 2.9 (2.4)a 2.8 (2.4)b |
1 wk 1 mo 3 mo |
| Ramirez A et al 2013 (45) | 62 | > 8 h/night | 45 (72%) | 8.3 (2.5)# | 1 mo |
| Riley EB et al 2017 (46) | 275 | > 6 h/night for > 80% nights | 59 (24%) | 4.3 (2.9)# | 1 mo |
| Roberts SD et al 2016 (60) | 100 | ≥ 4h/night for 70% of nights for ≥ 6 mo | 50 (50%) | NR | ≥ 6 mo |
| Simon SL et al 2012 (19) | 48 | NR | NR | 3.4 (2.8)d | 3 mo |
| Sundaram SS et al 2018 (30) | 9 | NR | NR | 4.9 (2.1)b | ≥ 1 mo |
| Trucco F et al 2018 (28) | 25 | >4 h/night for >50% nights | Mo 4: 9 (50%) (CPAP, n=18) 4 (57%) (BPAP,
n=7) 1.9 y (IQR 0.8–3.7): 7 (39%) (CPAP, n=18) 4 (67%) (BPAP, n=6) |
Mo 4: 5 (2–8) (CPAP) 8 (2–8)
(BPAP) 1.9y: 4 (2–8) (CPAP) 8 (5–8) (BPAP) |
4 mo (average) 1.9 y (average) |
| Uong EC et al 2007 (31) | 27 | >4 h/night ≥5 nights/wk | 19 (70%) | 7.7 (1.5)b | ≥ 3 mo |
| Waters KA et al 1995 (61) | 73 | Regular use >6mo | 63 (86%) | NR | NR |
| Widger JA et al 2014 (37) | 27 | NR | NR | 5.2 (2.5) (CPAP, n=22) 9.3 (1.4) (BPAP, n=5) | NR |
| Xanthopoulos MS et al 2017 (20) | 141 | NR | NR | 2.9 (0.6– 5.8) | 1 mo |
| Yuan HC et al 2012 (62) | 6 | “Yes” for PAP use at evening and following morning ≥5 nights/wk | 4 (67%) | NR | 5–6 mo |
Notes.
= sample with adherence data;
= does not indicate short-term versus long term-use (i.e., 1 month may refer to 1 month of data at any given time point, not necessarily data from first month of PAP use);
= mean (mean − 1 SD–mean + 1 SD);
= from baseline mask and flow generator (i.e., pre-intervention);
= based on tertiles, participants purposefully recruited for each group;
= hours PAP use/night on nights used.
Included in the PAP use pooled mean (SD):
= PAP naïve (1 mo);
= PAP naïve (>1 mo);
= non-naïve (1 mo);
= non-naïve (>1 mo). Machaalani et al (14), 12 mo data used for analysis as outcome assessment period was more direct than ≥ 4 wks. Perriol et al (23), 3 mo data used since timepoint had the least attrition.
Adherent (Ad), Automatic Positive Airway Pressure (APAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), hours (h), intention to treat (ITT), month (mo), non-adherent (Non-Ad), not reported (NR), patient (pt), per protocol (PP), positive airway pressure (PAP), week (wk).