Table 4.
Associations between time of discharge and mortality/healthcare resource utilization during index visit and 30-day follow-up for inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19.
| Endpoints | Middle period (vs early period) |
Later period (vs early period) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR∗ | 95% CI | Adjusted OR∗ | 95% CI | |
| Inpatients | ||||
| During index hospitalization (n = 481 216) | ||||
| In-hospital mortality | 0.64 | 0.60-0.69 | 0.70 | 0.66-0.75 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 0.77 | 0.73-0.82 | 0.68 | 0.64-0.72 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilator use | 0.56 | 0.53-0.60 | 0.59 | 0.56-0.62 |
| During 30 days after index hospitalization† (n = 414 510) | ||||
| COVID-19–related ED outpatient visit | 1.06 | 0.99-1.12 | 0.92 | 0.85-0.98 |
| COVID-19–related readmission | 1.24 | 1.18-1.31 | 1.00 | 0.95-1.06 |
| In-hospital mortality during follow-up | 1.24 | 1.11-1.39 | 1.12 | 1.00-1.25 |
| Outpatients | ||||
| During index outpatient visit (n = 973 564) | ||||
| In-hospital mortality | 0.63 | 0.55-0.73 | 0.60 | 0.52-0.69 |
| During 30 days after index outpatient visit† (n = 971 122) | ||||
| COVID-19–related ED outpatient visit | 0.95 | 0.89-1.01 | 0.87 | 0.81-0.93 |
| COVID-19–related hospitalization | 0.96 | 0.91-1.03 | 0.75 | 0.70-0.80 |
| In-hospital mortality during follow-up | 1.07 | 0.94-1.21 | 0.77 | 0.68-0.88 |
CI indicates confidence interval; ED, emergency department; OR, odds ratio.
∗
Adjusted for patient characteristics (sex, age, race, ethnicity, history of hypertension, morbid obesity, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and Charlson comorbidity index score category) and hospital characteristics (bed size, urbanicity of population served, teaching status, and geographic region).
†
Only among patients who were discharged alive at index hospitalization/outpatient visit.