Table 3.

Indications, surgical gestures and complications of laparoscopic surgery for liver abscess (LA).

Study	Indications	Gestures	Complications
Iqbal 2001 [22]	Failure of percutaneous drainage (PD) Ruptured LA	Laparoscopic drainage	0
Wang 2004 [23]	Failure of PD and antibiotic treatment Contraindications to PD	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 1
Channa 2005 [28]	Ruptured LA (peritonitis)	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 2
Rajasekar 2006 [29]	Ruptured LA with organ failure	Laparoscopic drainage	Wound infection: 2 Residual/recurrent abscess: 1 Conversion: 1
Yeh 2007 [31]	Multilobulated LA	Laparoscopic drainage + cholecystectomy	Residual/recurrent abscess: 1
Tu 2011 [12]	Associated biliary lithiasis Biliary stricture	Laparoscopic drainage + cholecystectomy and/or CBD exploration Hepatectomy	Biliary leakage: 1 Hydrothorax: 1
Tan 2013 [19]	Ruptured LA Failure of antibiotic treatment	Laparoscopic drainage	Biliary leakage: 1
Krishnan 2013 [30]	Unruptured LA	Laparoscopic drainage	0
Cioffi 2014 [32]	Large multiloculated LA Associated biliary lithiasis	Laparoscopic drainage + cholecystectomy	0
Ekwunife 2015 [24]	Failure of antibiotic treatment	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 1
Groeschl 2016 [25]	Failure of PD and antibiotic treatment	Laparoscopic drainage	Conversion: 1
Saha 2016 [10]	Unruptured LA	Laparoscopic drainage	0
Dhamodharan 2018 [20]	Failure of PD	Laparoscopic drainage	Wound infection: 4
Dhir 2019 [26]	Caudate lobe LA Failure of PD	Laparoscopic drainage	0
Chitrambalam 2019 [21]	Unruptured	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 1
Minh 2019 [11]	Ruptured LA (peritonitis)	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 3 Pneumoniae: 2/Bleeding: 1 Wound infection: 1/Bile duct leak: 1
Mogahed 2020 [27]	Failure of antibiotic treatment and PD Complex LA (diameter≥ 5 cm, multilocular)	Laparoscopic drainage	Residual/recurrent abscess: 1