Figure 1.

Study flow diagram. During hospitalization, 598 children with severe malaria and at least one creatinine measure available had acute kidney injury (AKI) defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria based on a 1.5 fold increase in creatinine from estimated baseline or a 0.3 mg/dL change in creatinine over the first 24 h of hospitalization. AKI was stratified into stage 1 AKI or severe AKI (Stage 2 or Stage 3). Among survivors with a repeat creatinine value at 1-month follow-up we defined acute kidney disease (AKD) which reflects a 1.5-fold increase in creatinine from the estimated 1-month baseline creatinine or an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min per 1.73m² using the Bedside Schwartz equation. Kidney disease was defined as a 1.5-fold increase in creatinine from the estimated 1-month baseline creatinine or an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min per 1.73m² using the Bedside Schwartz equation in the community children. Children were recruited at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Central Uganda and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Jinja, Eastern Uganda.