Table 2.
Census and eligible baseline population study characteristics
| Intervention | Control | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villages | 33 | 33 | 66 | |
| Households censused | 2846 | 3017 | 5863 | |
| Individuals represented in census | 12 950 | 13 400 | 26 350 | |
| Households per village | 86·2 (25·4) | 91·4 (24·6) | 88·8 (25·0) | |
| Population censused per village | 392·4 (115·3) | 406·1 (119·6) | 399·2 (116·7) | |
| Eligible households (ie, own a latrine)* | 1928 | 2050 | 3978 | |
| Households enrolled | 1927 | 2046 | 3973 | |
| Individuals in enrolled households | 8997 | 9454 | 18 451 | |
| Female respondent | 1665 (86·4%) | 1764 (86·2%) | 3429 | |
| Male respondent | 262 (13·6%) | 282 (13·8%) | 544 | |
| Religion of household | ||||
| Hindu | 1853 (96·2%) | 1941 (94·9%) | 3794 | |
| Muslim | 42 (2·2%) | 72 (3·5%) | 114 | |
| Other† | 26 (1·3%) | 24 (1·2%) | 50 | |
| No religion | 6 (0·3%) | 9 (0·4%) | 15 | |
| Caste or tribe of household‡ | ||||
| General | 705 (36·6%) | 663 (32·4%) | 1368 | |
| Scheduled caste | 280 (14·5%) | 228 (11·1%) | 508 | |
| Other backward caste | 694 (36·0%) | 899 (44·0%) | 1593 | |
| Scheduled tribe | 25 (1·3%) | 10 (0·5%) | 35 | |
| Other or unknown | 223 (11·6%) | 246 (12·0%) | 469 | |
| Government subsidies | ||||
| BPL | 143 (7·4%) | 181 (8·8%) | 324 | |
| Antyodaya | 121 (6·3%) | 108 (5·3%) | 229 | |
| Ration card | 753 (39·1%) | 855 (41·8%) | 1608 | |
| Combination BPL, antyodaya, or ration card§ | 418 (21·7%) | 404 (19·7%) | 822 | |
| None or unknown | 492 (25·6%) | 498 (24·3%) | 990 | |
| Education of male head of household | ||||
| Anganwadi | 76 (3·9%) | 66 (3·2%) | 142 | |
| Primary | 426 (22·1%) | 445 (21·8%) | 871 | |
| Upper primary | 343 (17·8%) | 360 (17·6%) | 703 | |
| Secondary | 527 (27·3%) | 570 (27·8%) | 1097 | |
| Senior secondary | 77 (4·0%) | 84 (4·1%) | 161 | |
| Graduate or postgraduate | 112 (5·8%) | 115 (5·6%) | 227 | |
| Never attended | 184 (9·5%) | 218 (10·7%) | 402 | |
| Unknown | 108 (5·6%) | 105 (5·1%) | 213 | |
| No male head | 74 (3·8%) | 83 (4·1%) | 157 | |
| Education of female head of household | ||||
| Anganwadi | 60 (3·1%) | 65 (3·2%) | 125 | |
| Primary | 559 (29·0%) | 560 (27·4%) | 1119 | |
| Upper primary | 306 (15·9%) | 330 (16·1%) | 636 | |
| Secondary | 301 (15·6%) | 350 (17·1%) | 651 | |
| Senior secondary | 40 (2·1%) | 51 (2·5%) | 91 | |
| Graduate or postgraduate | 40 (2·1%) | 25 (1·2%) | 65 | |
| Never attended | 561 (29·1%) | 604 (29·5%) | 1165 | |
| Unknown | 35 (1·8%) | 34 (1·7%) | 69 | |
| No female head | 25 (1·3%) | 27 (1·3%) | 52 | |
Data are n, n (%), or mean (SD). BPL=below poverty line.
True total eligible might be larger. 526 households did not participate in census because not home, not available, or ended census before latrine assessment.
Includes Hindu and Muslim (n=2 in the intervention group), Hindu and other (n=2 in the control group), Christian (n=1 in the intervention group), Buddhist and Neo Buddhist (n=1 in the intervention group and n=1 in the control group), and other unnamed religion (n=22 in the intervention group and n=21 in the control group).
We present the term other backward castes as defined by the Government of India to classify a section of population that are educationally or socially disadvantaged. The term is one of the official classifications along with general, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes.
Combination may include BPL and antodaya; BPL, antodaya, and ration card; BPL and ration card; or antodaya and ration card.