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. 2022 Feb 17;3:6. doi: 10.1186/s43556-021-00067-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — COVID-19 deficiency can lead to significant inflammatory-mediated consequences, such as ARDS. In these people’s lungs, immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils are activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines [IL-6, TNF-] are produced, and endothelial cells are damaged. MSCs might be functional in this situation since they have immunomodulatory, regenerative and antibacterial effects