Table 2.

Differences of ultrasound changes among the non-PsA, PsA, and control groups

Features	Non-PsA (n = 852)	PsA (n = 261)	Control (n = 86)	P value*	P value#
Joint changes
Joint effusion	410 (0.48)	154 (0.59)	22 (0.26)	0.003	< 0.001
Joint synovial thickening	277 (0.33)	186 (0.71)	9 (0.10)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Joint PD signals	273 (0.32)	185 (0.71)	9 (0.10)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Joint osteophytes	119 (0.14)	104 (0.40)	3 (0.03)	< 0.001	0.01
Joint bone erosion	16 (0.02)	76 (0.29)	0 (0.00)	< 0.001	0.40
Entheses changes
Entheses thickening	281 (0.33)	158 (0.61)	26 (0.30)	< 0.001	0.69
Entheses hypoechogenicity	82 (0.10)	75 (0.29)	1 (0.01)	< 0.001	0.02
Entheses PD signals	32 (0.04)	38 (0.15)	0 (0.00)	< 0.001	0.13
Entheses osteophytes	371 (0.44)	183 (0.70)	38 (0.44)	< 0.001	1.00
Entheses calcifications	34 (0.04)	16 (0.06)	4 (0.05)	0.20	0.99
Entheses bone erosion	12 (0.01)	24 (0.09)	0 (0.00)	< 0.001	0.55
Tendon changes
Tendon sheath synovial thickening	27 (0.03)	81 (0.31)	1 (0.01)	< 0.001	0.48
Tendon sheath effusion	71 (0.08)	36 (0.14)	0 (0.00)	0.01	0.01
Bursa changes
Bursa synovial thickening	32 (0.04)	53 (0.20)	5 (0.06)	< 0.001	0.52
Bursa effusion	33 (0.04)	16 (0.06)	0 (0.00)	0.17	0.12
Nail dystrophy	263 (30.87)	97 (37.16)	0 (0.00)	0.06	< 0.001

Data are presented as n (%)

PD power Doppler

*P value between the non-PsA and PsA groups

^#P value between the non-PsA and control groups