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. 2022 Feb 16;12:2650. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05810-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Four different views of the driver when he was conducting the test. The test road in a night drive and a dashboard instrument that shows the velocity of the vehicle in the simulated test track are shown in the left part. The output of the eye-tracking system that detects the eyelid movements and pupil diameter is presented in the right upper part (Reprinted from our previous study¹⁴; Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier, License No. 5058681457961. Informed consent was obtained from the driver to publish his image.