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. 2022 Feb 16;12:2656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05979-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histopathological findings in brain (a–e) showing normal histopathological of the cerebral cortex of rat. (a) The control group showing normal appearance of the nerve cells. (f–h) Rats which exposed to gamma rays at dose 6 Gy revealed nuclear pyknosis (arrows) (score 3), degeneration (score 2), and cellular vacuolization (score 2) were detected in the neurons of central cortex, striatum and cerebellum respectively. (i,j) Rats were administered BV 0.05 mg/kg showed no alteration (score 0) of the brain. (k,l) The group of animals were administered propolis (300 mg/kg): there was no histopathological alteration as recorded in brain. (m) Nuclear pyknosis and degeneration (arrow) (score 1) were in some neurons of fascia dentata in the group of rats administered propolis 300 + BV 0.05 mg/kg. (n–p) Normal histological structures (score 0) of brain occurred in the normal rats administered propolis, BV, and combined treatment (Pr + BV) respectively.