. 2022 Feb 16;12:2656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05979-1

Table 3.

Effect of propolis and/or bee venom on liver and kidney functions and plasma lipid peroxidation.

Parameters	Control	Irradiated rats				Normal rats
		γ rays	γ rays + Pr	γ rays + BV	Pr + BV + γ rays	+ Pr	+ BV	Pr + BV
		6 Gy	300 mg/kg	0.05 mg/kg	300 + 0.05 mg/kg	300 mg/kg	0.05 mg/kg	300 + 0.05 mg/kg
Urea(mg/dl)	30.02 ± 0.53^f	103.45 ± 11.22^a	42.31 ± 5.63^cd	46.08 ± 2.66^bc	38.31 ± 1.23^de	34.31 ± 2.34^ef	32.24 ± 1.47^f	51.31 ± 4.03^b
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.35 ± 0.011^e	1.28 ± 0.02^a	0.39 ± 0.04^cd	0.4 ± 0.02^c	0.37 ± 0.03^de	0.41 ± 0.03^c	0.36 ± 0.03^e	0.43 ± 0.03^b
Total protein (g/dl)	4.36 ± 0.25^d	3.76 ± 0.21^f	4.82 ± 0.23^b	4.56 ± 0.32^c	5.24 ± 0.22^a	4.61 ± 0.23^c	5.21 ± 0.33^a	4.01 ± 0.20^e
Albumin (g/dl)	3.10 ± 0.14^b	1.03 ± 0.02^g	2.65 ± 0.21^d	2.91 ± 0.25^c	3.22 ± 0.16^a	2.54 ± 0.08^e	3.02 ± 0.20^bc	1.88 ± 0.03^f
Globulin(g/dl)	1.26 ± 0.11^g	2.73 ± 0.15^a	2.17 ± 0.02^b	1.65 ± 0.07f.	2.02 ± 0.06^e	2.07 ± 0.15^d	2.19 ± 0.13^b	2.13 ± 0.17^c
ALT (U/l)	28.76 ± 3.68^g	165.23 ± 12.20^a	32.10 ± 2.87^e	37.52 ± 4.03^c	26.18 ± 1.49^h	35.41 ± 2.12^d	30.04 ± 0.53^f	43.17 ± 5.17^b
AST (U/l)	40.35 ± 2.55^h	204.43 ± 14.02^a	44.29 ± 4.01^e	48.39 ± 3.68^d	42.31 ± 3.20^g	50.35 ± 4.15^c	43.15 ± 2.30^f	53.28 ± 4.08^b
ALP (U/l)	65.24 ± 7.04^h	187.67 ± 12.15^a	70.08 ± 8.14^e	72.62 ± 6.98^d	67.14 ± 4.87^g	80.13 ± 6.11^c	68.61 ± 5.37^f	85.11 ± 5.81^b
MDA (ng/dl)	55.42 ± 4.23^f	134.13 ± 10.22^a	58.32 ± 4.43^e	61.15 ± 4.30^c	55.97 ± 4.52^f	58.70 ± 4.35^d	52.70 ± 3.72^h	71.27 ± 6.24^b

Values with same superscript in the same raw are not statistically different. Data expressed as mean ± SE, n = 6. The groups are statistically significant (P < 0.05) as compared with control, using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test as a post-hoc test.