Table 4.

Longitudinal models testing associations between frequency of engagement in leisure activities and the odds of depression in the subsequent wave (two years later).

	Model 1: Unadjusted			Model 2: Adjusted
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Reading
Monthly	0.72	0.61–0.86	<0.001	1.03	0.83–1.26	0.811
Weekly	0.51	0.44–0.59	<0.001	0.85	0.71–1.02	0.074
Writing
Monthly	0.97	0.88–1.08	0.577	0.89	0.79–1.01	0.063
Weekly	1.01	0.91–1.13	0.857	1.00	0.88–1.14	0.980
Baking/cooking
Monthly	0.94	0.85–1.03	0.193	0.90	0.80–1.02	0.100
Weekly	0.87	0.78–0.96	0.004	0.85	0.75–0.95	0.005
Sewing
Monthly	1.25	1.07–1.46	0.005	1.02	0.85–1.23	0.796
Weekly	1.25	1.06–1.47	0.007	0.89	0.74–1.06	0.196
Hobby/project
Monthly	0.73	0.66–0.81	<0.001	1.01	0.90–1.14	0.877
Weekly	0.59	0.53–0.65	<0.001	0.81	0.71–0.92	0.001
Club
Monthly	0.67	0.61–0.74	<0.001	0.82	0.73–0.93	0.001
Weekly	0.61	0.54–0.69	<0.001	0.82	0.71–0.94	0.005
Organization
Monthly	0.84	0.75–0.95	0.005	0.86	0.75–0.99	0.041
Weekly	1.15	0.94–1.40	0.166	1.09	0.87–1.38	0.442

Note. N = 16,043. For all activities, no engagement was the reference category. Model 2 was adjusted for depression at the previous wave, gender, race/ethnicity, education, age, marital status, employment status, household income, neighborhood safety, social network, difficulty with ADLs and IADLs, chronic health conditions, and cognition. Results weighted and based on 20 multiply imputed data sets. Bold text indicates p < 0.05.