Table 1.
Characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients (Study Population 1).
| ALL | Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | p-value | Available data | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 32 | n = 14 | n = 18 | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years), median [P25; P75] | 68.0 [62.5; 73.2] | 66.5 [64.5; 72.5] | 69.5 [59.5; 73.2] | 0.939 | 32 |
| Male, n (%) | 24 (75.0) | 8 (57.1) | 16 (88.9) | 0.096 | 32 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 0.451 | 32 | |||
| Former | 9 (28.1) | 4 (28.6) | 5 (27.8) | ||
| Non-smoker | 17 (53.1) | 6 (42.9) | 11 (61.1) | ||
| Current | 6 (18.8) | 4 (28.6) | 2 (11.1) | ||
| Alcoholism, n (%) | 3 (9.38) | 3 (21.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.073 | 32 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (53.1) | 7 (50.0) | 10 (55.6) | 1.000 | 32 |
| Type II Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 9 (28.1) | 3 (21.4) | 6 (33.3) | 0.694 | 32 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 8 (25.0) | 2 (14.3) | 6 (33.3) | 0.412 | 32 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 5 (15.6) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (11.1) | 0.631 | 32 |
| COPD, n (%) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (42.9) | 3 (16.7) | 0.132 | 32 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 2 (6.25) | 1 (7.14) | 1 (5.56) | 1.000 | 32 |
| Chronic kidney disease (60 mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | 4 (12.5) | 1 (7.14) | 3 (16.7) | 0.613 | 32 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 1 (3.12) | 1 (7.14) | 0 (0.0) | 0.438 | 32 |
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 32 |
| ICU admission | |||||
| Oxygen saturation (%), median [P25; P75] | 90.0 [81.0; 92.0] | 93.0 [87.0; 93.0] | 89.5 [79.5; 90.2] | 0.057 | 25 |
| PaO2 (mmHg), median [P25; P75] | 73.0 [55.0; 126] | 122 [83.5; 140] | 65.0 [48.8; 77.0] | 0.012 | 30 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg), median [P25; P75] | 36.5 [30.5; 43.8] | 39.5 [34.0; 47.8] | 36.5 [28.2; 41.8] | 0.280 | 30 |
| Glucose (mg/dL), median [P25; P75] | 130 [107; 152] | 128 [110; 153] | 131 [108; 150] | 0.894 | 32 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median [P25; P75] | 0.88 [0.70; 1.17] | 0.82 [0.70; 0.93] | 0.98 [0.71; 1.35] | 0.298 | 31 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L), median [P25; P75] | 17.5 [8.64; 107] | 8.64 [1.51; 35.7] | 18.2 [10.8; 109] | 0.204 | 24 |
| LDH (U/L), mean (SD) | 412 (183) | 319 (172) | 465 (173) | 0.075 | 22 |
| Leukocyte count (× 109/L), mean (SD) | 10.2 (5.64) | 12.2 (7.10) | 8.69 (3.69) | 0.107 | 32 |
| Neutrophil count (× 109/L), median [P25; P75] | 6.81 [5.00; 11.6] | 13.6 [5.48; 15.3] | 6.39 [4.92; 8.61] | 0.075 | 30 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109/L), median [P25; P75] | 1.02 [0.49; 1.55] | 1.44 [0.56; 1.87] | 0.97 [0.48; 1.26] | 0.241 | 30 |
| Monocyte count (× 109/L), median [P25; P75] | 0.60 [0.43; 0.84] | 0.65 [0.50; 0.97] | 0.48 [0.39; 0.67] | 0.191 | 29 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L), median [P25; P75] | 240 [181; 281] | 202 [146; 270] | 256 [192; 298] | 0.087 | 32 |
| ICU Stay | |||||
| ICU stay (days), median [P25; P75] | 30.0 [9.75; 58.0] | 8.50 [6.25; 14.8] | 54.0 [39.5; 79.0] | <0.001 | 32 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (42.9) | 3 (16.7) | 0.132 | 32 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 31 (96.9) | 13 (92.2) | 18 (100) | 0.438 | 32 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 24 (77.4) | 7 (53.8) | 17 (94.4) | 0.012 | 31 |
| Prone positioning, n (%) | 16 (55.2) | 1 (8.33) | 15 (88.2) | <0.001 | 29 |
| Antibiotics, n (%) | 23 (71.9) | 7 (50.0) | 16 (88.9) | 0.022 | 32 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 18 (56.2) | 3 (21.4) | 15 (83.3) | 0.002 | 32 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 8 (25.0) | 2 (14.3) | 6 (33.3) | 0.412 | 32 |
| Interferon beta, n (%) | 1 (3.12) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.56) | 1.000 | 32 |
| Corticoids, n (%) | 18 (56.2) | 7 (50.0) | 11 (61.1) | 0.788 | 32 |
| Remdesivir (negative), n (%) | 32 (100) | 14 (100) | 18 (100) | – | 32 |
Continuous variables are expressed as the median [P25; P75] or mean (SD), and categorical variables are expressed as n (%). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PaCO2, carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2, oxygen partial pressure.