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. 2022 Feb 3;13:813545. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813545

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Copyright © 2022 Ágoston, Urbán, Horváth, van den Brink and Demetrovics.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Path analysis for the association of ADHD symptoms, caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder symptoms (CUD) and well-being (N = 2,196). Unstandardized regression coefficients, their standard errors (in brackets) and standardized coefficients (in parentheses) are presented in the figure. Only the significant (p < 0.05) direct paths are presented ^***p < 0.001.