Table A3.
Deleting | Ignoring | Multiple-group | Modeling | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of DIF items | Item Discrimination for Two Dimensions | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Bias | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.054 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.061 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.060 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.069 | 0.067 | 0.065 | 0.074 | 0.074 | 0.066 | 0.074 | 0.072 | 0.066 | 0.069 | 0.067 | 0.064 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.068 | 0.066 | 0.064 | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.062 | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.062 | 0.067 | 0.064 | 0.062 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.067 | 0.067 | 0.063 | 0.072 | 0.068 | 0.063 | 0.072 | 0.067 | 0.063 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.063 | |
Average | 0.064 | 0.062 | 0.059 | 0.066 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.066 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.064 | 0.061 | 0.060 | |
RMSE | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.096 | 0.094 | 0.092 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.094 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.096 | 0.094 | 0.093 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.096 | 0.095 | 0.092 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.093 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.097 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.092 | 0.090 | 0.088 | 0.098 | 0.097 | 0.088 | 0.097 | 0.092 | 0.089 | 0.092 | 0.090 | 0.088 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.091 | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.092 | 0.090 | 0.087 | 0.092 | 0.089 | 0.087 | 0.091 | 0.089 | 0.087 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.091 | 0.090 | 0.086 | 0.095 | 0.091 | 0.088 | 0.095 | 0.091 | 0.088 | 0.092 | 0.089 | 0.087 | |
Average | 0.094 | 0.092 | 0.090 | 0.096 | 0.094 | 0.090 | 0.096 | 0.093 | 0.090 | 0.094 | 0.092 | 0.091 | |
SE | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.340 | 0.343 | 0.346 | 0.338 | 0.339 | 0.339 | 0.338 | 0.339 | 0.340 | 0.339 | 0.341 | 0.341 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.339 | 0.343 | 0.346 | 0.336 | 0.340 | 0.342 | 0.336 | 0.340 | 0.342 | 0.336 | 0.339 | 0.342 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.340 | 0.343 | 0.347 | 0.336 | 0.339 | 0.341 | 0.336 | 0.339 | 0.341 | 0.337 | 0.339 | 0.337 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.325 | 0.327 | 0.329 | 0.334 | 0.342 | 0.345 | 0.332 | 0.335 | 0.336 | 0.338 | 0.337 | 0.334 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.326 | 0.328 | 0.330 | 0.324 | 0.327 | 0.329 | 0.324 | 0.327 | 0.329 | 0.326 | 0.328 | 0.329 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.327 | 0.327 | 0.330 | 0.330 | 0.335 | 0.335 | 0.329 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.334 | 0.333 | |
Average | 0.333 | 0.335 | 0.338 | 0.333 | 0.337 | 0.339 | 0.333 | 0.335 | 0.337 | 0.335 | 0.336 | 0.336 |
Note. RMSE = root mean square error; DIF = differential item functioning.