Table A4.
Deleting | Ignoring | Multiple-group | Modeling | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of DIF items | Item Discrimination for Two Dimensions | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Bias | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.060 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.043 | 0.050 | 0.047 | 0.044 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.061 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.047 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.044 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.060 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.043 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.045 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.061 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.068 | 0.060 | 0.052 | 0.069 | 0.064 | 0.056 | 0.059 | 0.057 | 0.054 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.054 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.067 | 0.060 | 0.055 | 0.067 | 0.061 | 0.064 | 0.060 | 0.060 | 0.054 | |
Average | 0.060 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.057 | 0.053 | 0.048 | 0.057 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.055 | 0.053 | 0.049 | |
RMSE | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.081 | 0.084 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.084 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.085 | 0.083 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.081 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.081 | 0.084 | 0.078 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.084 | 0.083 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.084 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.085 | 0.083 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.080 | 0.092 | 0.085 | 0.078 | 0.092 | 0.088 | 0.080 | 0.083 | 0.082 | 0.080 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.080 | 0.086 | 0.084 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.083 | 0.080 | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.080 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.083 | 0.082 | 0.080 | 0.089 | 0.084 | 0.080 | 0.089 | 0.084 | 0.079 | 0.084 | 0.077 | 0.080 | |
Average | 0.084 | 0.082 | 0.080 | 0.087 | 0.083 | 0.080 | 0.087 | 0.083 | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.083 | 0.081 | |
SE | |||||||||||||
10% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.293 | 0.295 | 0.298 | 0.291 | 0.292 | 0.296 | 0.292 | 0.292 | 0.296 | 0.298 | 0.299 | 0.301 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.294 | 0.296 | 0.298 | 0.293 | 0.295 | 0.298 | 0.293 | 0.295 | 0.298 | 0.297 | 0.300 | 0.302 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.293 | 0.295 | 0.298 | 0.292 | 0.294 | 0.298 | 0.292 | 0.294 | 0.297 | 0.296 | 0.299 | 0.302 | |
30% | Low α1 high α2 | 0.306 | 0.309 | 0.311 | 0.297 | 0.317 | 0.326 | 0.295 | 0.306 | 0.314 | 0.315 | 0.315 | 0.315 |
Low α2 high α1 | 0.306 | 0.309 | 0.312 | 0.294 | 0.299 | 0.303 | 0.296 | 0.300 | 0.303 | 0.305 | 0.308 | 0.310 | |
Moderate α1 and α2 | 0.307 | 0.309 | 0.312 | 0.298 | 0.308 | 0.312 | 0.297 | 0.305 | 0.301 | 0.311 | 0.313 | 0.315 | |
Average | 0.300 | 0.302 | 0.305 | 0.294 | 0.301 | 0.305 | 0.294 | 0.299 | 0.302 | 0.304 | 0.306 | 0.308 |
Note. RMSE = root mean square error; DIF = differential item functioning.