Table 3.

Associations between discharge heart rate and 1-year clinical outcomes in different subgroups of LVEF.

	LVEF <50%		LVEF ≥50%
Outcomes	Adjusted HRs (95% CI)	P	Adjusted HRs (95% CI)	P	P value for interaction
Composite outcome of all-cause death and HF readmission (primary outcome)					0.045
<65 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.46 (1.09–1.96)	0.012	1.11 (0.78–1.59)	0.551
≥86 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.24 (0.95–1.62)	0.122	1.38 (1.01–1.89)	0.046
All-cause death					0.057
<65 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.21 (0.76–1.93)	0.423	1.15 (0.63–2.11)	0.642
≥86 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.27 (0.84–1.94)	0.260	1.44 (0.86–2.43)	0.169
HF readmission					0.794
<65 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	0.98 (0.70–1.38)	0.905	1.22 (0.83–1.80)	0.303
≥86 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.03 (0.76–1.41)	0.842	1.31 (0.91–1.88)	0.141
Composite outcome of all-cause death and all-cause readmission					0.005
<65 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.37 (1.04–1.80)	0.027	1.08 (0.79–1.47)	0.636
≥86 bpm (vs. 65–85 bpm)	1.08 (0.83–1.41)	0.561	1.49 (1.12–1.98)	0.006

Proportional hazards assumptions were satisfied for each clinical outcome both in patients with LVEF <50% and in those with LVEF ≥50%. Bpm: Beats per minute; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; HF; Heart failure; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.