TABLE 2.
Common matrices used for MALDI MSI targets (Tholey and Heinzle, 2006; Tobias and Hummon, 2020; Schnackenberg et al., 2021).
| Matrix class | Matrix names | Targets |
|---|---|---|
| Classical organics | 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) | Lipids, peptides, neuropeptides, drugs, small proteins |
| α-Cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHCA/CCA) | Proteins, peptides, N-glycans, lipids | |
| Sinapinic acid (SA) | Proteins and peptides | |
| 4-Chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (CICCA) | Proteins and peptides | |
| 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (2,5-DHAP) | Phospholipids, proteins | |
| 9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) | Free fatty acids, lipids | |
| 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN) | Glycolipids, metabolites | |
| 2-(2-Aminoethylamino)-5-nitropyridine | Phospholipids | |
| 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole | Phospholipids | |
| 4-Nitroaniline (PNA) | Phosphatidylethanolamine | |
| Norhamane | Bile acids, lipids | |
| Dithranol | Di-and triacylglycerols | |
| 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) | Free fatty acids | |
| 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino) naphthalene (DMAN) | Free fatty acids | |
| N1,N4-Dihbenzylidenebene-1,4-diamine (DBDA) | Fatty acids | |
| Meso-tetratkis (pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin | Free fatty acids | |
| 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) | Glycoproteins | |
| 2.4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) | Lipids | |
| Picolinic acid | Oligonucleotides | |
| Succinic acid | Oligonucleotides | |
| Reactive matrices | 2.4-Diphenyl-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate (DPP-TFB) | Small molecule amines, neurotransmitters |
| 2.4,6-Trimethyl-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate (TMP-TFB) | Dopamine | |
| p-N,N,N-Trimethy lammonioanilyl N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate iodide (TAHS) | Steroids and catecholamine | |
| 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (CA) | ||
| 2,3,4,5-Tetrakis (31,4-dihydroxylphenyl)thiophene (DHPT) | ||
| 2-Fluoro-1-methyl pyridinium (FMP) derivatives | Neurotransmitters | |
| Inorganic nanomaterials | Metal based (e.g., gold, silver, titanium oxide) | Small molecules |
| Silicon based (e.g., nanopost arrays, nanowires, nanopillars) | Small molecules | |
| Room-temperature ionic liquids | DHB-Py, DHB-MI (1-methylimidazole), DHB-TBA, SA-TBA | Small molecules |
| CCA-DEA (N,N-diethylaniline), CCA-ANI (Aniline) | Peptides | |
| SA-TBA, SA- Et3N (triethylamine) | Proteins | |
| 9-AA-NEDC | Lipids | |
| DHB-BuA (n-butylamine), CCA-MI, DHB-Py | Carbohydrates | |
| CCA-Py, CCA-MI, CCA-BuA | Phospholipids | |
| HPA (hydroxypicolinic acid)-DEA, CCA-ANI, CCA-MI | Oligonucleotides |